Shopping habits across the world have increasingly shifted from brick-and-mortar stores to online platforms, with consumers expanding their purchases from domestic to international markets. As global markets open up, the demand for online shopping continues to rise. In today’s thriving e-commerce industry, how can international sellers establish themselves on major platforms? What are the necessary requirements, and how can they gain a competitive edge? We’ll guide you through several of the world's leading e-commerce platforms to support your global trade ambitions. The Growth of the Global E-commerce Market In 2024, the global e-commerce market continues its expansion and is expected to reach USD 6.56 trillion by the end of 2025, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 7.8%. According to industry data from 2024, global e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, Temu, AliExpress, and eBay have shown varying growth trends over the past year, with changes in store requirements and product offerings across different countries. Amazon Despite challenges such as COVID-19, inflation, and the rise of social media commerce, Amazon has maintained steady growth. The platform is expanding its essential product sales and has launched a budget-friendly marketplace, Amazon Haul, to counter competition from low-cost rivals. The initial launch is in beta testing with selected sellers, and a large-scale rollout is expected later in 2025. General Requirements for Selling on Amazon Business Registration: Sellers must provide valid business registration documents Identity Verification: Sellers must provide proof of identity for the legal representative listed on the business licence, such as an ID card or passport Contact Information: Sellers must provide their full name, contact details, and a valid email address Product Information: A detailed description of all product categories, including product titles, descriptions, and relevant images Payment Method: Sellers must link a valid payment method for paying selling fees Previous E-commerce Experience: Providing store links from other e-commerce platforms can increase the chances of approval. UK Marketplace Requirements In addition to the general requirements, sellers looking to open a store on Amazon UK must consider the following: VAT Registration: Regardless of whether the company is established in the UK, all sellers on Amazon UK must provide a valid UK VAT number within 60 days and upload it to the seller platform KYC (Know Your Customer) Verification: In compliance with European regulatory requirements, Amazon conducts KYC checks on sellers operating in Europe, including the UK. Sellers must submit company details, contact information, primary contact details, and credit card information EU Marketplace Requirements VAT Compliance: Sellers must register for VAT in all relevant EU countries in order to activate regional Amazon marketplaces EU Responsible Person (RSP): Under the EU Product Safety Regulation (2019/1020), products bearing the CE marking must have an authorised representative within the EU. This responsible person’s contact details must be included on the product, packaging, or accompanying documents In 2024, the EU has further tightened regulations. This means that sellers trading in Member States which have introduced Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) requirements must provide a valid EPR registration number.  Sellers who do not upload a number may be automatically charged under Amazon ‘Pay on Behalf’ (where supported), or their products may face removal from the platform. Additionally, the EU has increased scrutiny on low-cost products to ensure they meet safety standards. TikTok Shop In September 2023, the globally popular social media platform TikTok officially launched TikTok Shop, integrating shopping features within the app. This allows users to purchase products while watching short videos, providing sellers with direct access to global consumers. General Requirements for Global Selling on TikTok Shop Business Registration: Sellers must be legally registered corporate entities in their home country, as individuals cannot register as cross-border sellers Store Information: Sellers must provide accurate business details, including the company’s legal name, address, phone number, and email Bank Account Information: Sellers must provide valid banking details for transaction settlements VAT Registration: If VAT registration is required in the target market (e.g. the UK), sellers must provide a valid VAT number upon application Additional Documentation: Sellers may need to submit business registration certificates, credit card statements, bank statements, or utility bills to verify business information Legal Representative Verification: Sellers must submit proof of identity for the company’s legal representative and provide a photo of them holding their ID Invitation Code: An invitation code is required to register as a seller, which can be obtained from TikTok These requirements may vary depending on market-specific regulations, and sellers should prepare accordingly. UK Marketplace Requirements For TikTok Shop UK, sellers must adhere to the following: VAT Registration: As per UK tax regulations, sellers must register for VAT with HMRC and comply with VAT reporting and payment requirements Product Compliance: Products must meet UK safety and regulatory standards.  Electronics and electrical items must comply with CE or UKCA certification requirements UK Authorised Representative (UK AR): Since 15 October 2023, TikTok requires all electronic products sold in the UK to bear a UKCA (Or EU CE) label, otherwise they may be rejected EU Marketplace Requirements VAT Compliance: Sellers must register for VAT in relevant EU countries and submit returns accordingly EU Responsible Person (EURP): Under EU Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, certain products (e.g., electronics, electrical goods, toys) must have a designated responsible person within the EU for compliance matters. Since 15 October 2023, TikTok requires all electronic products sold in the EU to bear an authorised EU representative label, or they may be rejected Product Compliance: Products must meet EU safety standards and possess CE certification where applicable Increasing Regulatory Scrutiny in Global Markets In recent years, global regulatory frameworks for cross-border e-commerce have tightened, prompting TikTok Shop to update its policies: Southeast Asia: Countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia have imposed restrictions on cross-border platforms like TikTok Shop, Temu, and Shein. Measures include removing VAT exemptions and prohibiting the sale of low-value imported goods to protect local manufacturers and consumers EU: The EU is investigating whether products sold on cross-border e-commerce platforms meet regulatory requirements. Additionally, the EU is considering removing the tax exemption on imported goods valued under €150 to strengthen oversight of cross-border e-commerce As different regions impose varying restrictions and regulations on TikTok Shop’s permitted products, sellers should stay informed of changes in their target markets to ensure compliance. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

In early 2025, the AI company DeepSeek made breakthroughs and innovations in technology are quietly transforming the landscape of various industries, including cross-border e-commerce operations. Today, let’s discuss how ecommerce sellers can seize the opportunity offered by AI tools to grow their business.  US Increases Tariffs, Rejects Chinese Packages? On 1 February 2025, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 25% tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, and an additional 10% tariff on goods from China. At the same time, all goods exported from China to the US no longer enjoy the "de minimis" policy, which previously allowed packages valued under $800 to be exempt from duties and customs declarations (small-value exemption). In response, both Canada and Mexico stated that they are preparing to impose similar tariffs on US goods, while China has announced that it will take "necessary countermeasures to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests." Analysts believe that the implementation of these new bilateral tariffs could mark the beginning of a new era of global trade wars. Soon after, the US Postal Service (USPS) announced on the evening of 4 February that it would suspend accepting packages sent from mainland China and Hong Kong until further notice, without providing an explanation for the suspension's cause or duration. Although the suspension was later lifted that same evening, it caused concern in both domestic and international industries, particularly among cross-border e-commerce businesses reliant on package transportation. Sellers may consider diversifying their supply chains to other countries to avoid these costs, or sourcing from countries with lower tariffs or more favourable trade agreements. Facing the ever-changing international trade situation and tax regulations, this is undoubtedly a 'double-edged sword' containing both opportunities and challenges for e-commerce sellers. Embracing new technology and finding reliable, comprehensive professional teams will be key to improving competitiveness and seizing opportunities. AI - DeepSeek Emerges Since ChatGPT first sparked the ‘AI revolution’, this new technology has been changing our lives. On 27 January 2025, the AI model DeepSeek topped the free app download chart in the US App Store, surpassing ChatGPT.  As an advanced artificial intelligence tool, DeepSeek, like ChatGPT, is helping t change the game for many industries. For e-commerce, DeepSeek can help sellers enhance decision-making efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve competitiveness by providing precise data analysis, intelligent recommendations, and risk warnings. Impact of DeepSeek on E-Commerce In this age of information explosion, mastering advanced technological tools and professional tax and accounting skills is key for cross-border sellers to break into global markets and seize opportunities. DeepSeek can help improve business services in the following ways: Improving Operational Efficiency DeepSeek can collect data in real-time from multiple sources (such as social media, e-commerce platforms, news websites, etc.) and analyse it using intelligent algorithms to help users understand market trends, consumer behaviour, and competitor dynamics. Based on this analysis, DeepSeek provides sellers with personalised product recommendations, marketing strategy optimisation suggestions, and more, helping to improve customer satisfaction and reduce costs. Driving Innovation DeepSeek’s open-source AI models allow businesses to customise tools for cross-border logistics, payment processing, and localisation, giving them a competitive edge. Its automation features help sellers reply to customer inquiries in different languages, automatically generate marketing content, and save time and human resources. Optimising Supply Chain Management DeepSeek helps sellers monitor various stages of the supply chain in real-time, from raw material procurement to logistics delivery, ensuring the efficient operation of the supply chain while reducing inventory costs and logistics risks. Risk Warning and Management DeepSeek provides monitoring of market changes and potential risks, such as exchange rate fluctuations and policy changes, helping sellers adjust strategies promptly to reduce business risks. Promoting Cross-Border Trade With DeepSeek's multi-language support and global data coverage, sellers can identify which products are most popular in specific markets, adjust their product lines and pricing strategies, and more easily enter new international markets, tailoring marketing strategies to meet the consumer needs and cultural differences of various countries and regions. Ensuring Compliance with TB Accountants Whether dealing with ever-changing tariff policies or the convenience brought by new technologies, professional expertise is required.  With over 16 years of experience in tax services and cross-border compliance, TB Accountants has helped global sellers navigate complex tax regulations, safeguarding your journey to greater wealth. As an ACA member and ACCA-accredited accounting firm, our headquarters in London, branches in Shenzhen and Xiamen, and global offices have served over 60,000 clients, and we are continuing to expand in the cross-border finance and taxation fields. We not only help you simplify complex VAT rules in various countries but can also provide VAT and tax registration and filing services, EPR registration, EU Responsible Person services, CE product testing and certification, trademark registration and more in over 20 countries, including the UK, EU, US, Japan, Australia, UAE, Canada, and Mexico. We also keep you updated on tax policies in different countries and regions, ensuring compliance. Whether it’s tax consultation, audit services, or cross-border e-commerce compliance and financial optimisation plans, we aim to be your long-term partner in business development. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

How charitable donations can help you save on taxes The United Kingdom has a long-standing tradition of charitable giving, which has not only driven many important innovations but also provided crucial funding for charitable services nationwide. The British royal family, wealthy individuals, and celebrities play a significant role in promoting charitable donations and social welfare. But did you know? In the United Kingdom, charitable donations are also regarded as an essential tool for wealth planning and tax optimisation. The tax exemptions and incentives available are not just for high-net-worth individuals and corporations but also for ordinary taxpayers. Today, we will take you through the key tax-free rules for charitable giving in the United Kingdom and how to use these policies effectively in tax planning. 1.The wealthiest 1% in the United Kingdom donate nearly £8 billion annually Let us start with some recent data. According to the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF)'s latest Major Donor Giving Report, which analysed the giving behaviour of around 3,000 wealthy individuals in the United Kingdom, researchers estimated the total donations from people with investable assets of at least £1 million. The report found that in 2023, the wealthiest 1% in the United Kingdom donated nearly £8 billion to charity. High-net-worth individuals contributed around 0.4% of their £2 trillion in investable assets. For comparison, the general public donated around £13.9 billion, which accounted for 1.6% of their total income. The report also highlighted that those who donate the most tend to be around 63 years old and are twice as likely to have inherited wealth. This brings us to a key tax planning strategy: the role of charitable giving in Inheritance Tax (IHT) reduction. 2.How is United Kingdom inheritance tax (IHT) calculated? The United Kingdom imposes Inheritance Tax (IHT) on the estate of deceased individuals. Given its high tax rate, IHT is a crucial consideration in wealth transfer planning. IHT applies to: All worldwide assets of United Kingdom tax residents, regardless of location United Kingdom-based assets of non-residents (such as property, bank accounts) As of 2024, the IHT thresholds are: Nil-Rate Band (NRB): £325,000 tax-free allowance, with anything above taxed at 40% Residence Nil-Rate Band (RNRB): An additional £175,000 allowance for direct descendants inheriting a home, bringing the total tax-free threshold to £500,000 Married couples or civil partners can combine their allowances for a total exemption of up to £1 million However, strategic charitable giving can further reduce or even eliminate inheritance tax liabilities. 3.How can charitable donations reduce inheritance tax? Full IHT Exemption for Donations Under United Kingdom tax law, if a will specifies that part or all of the estate is donated to a registered United Kingdom charity, that portion of the estate is completely exempt from IHT and does not count towards the taxable estate. For example, if an estate is worth £1,000,000 and £200,000 is donated to charity, the taxable amount is reduced to £800,000, lowering the IHT liability. 10% donation rule lowers IHT rate If at least 10% of the taxable estate (after deducting allowances) is donated to charity, the remaining estate's IHT rate is reduced from 40% to 36%. 4.How to effectively use charitable giving in estate planning Charitable donations can be structured in different ways: Charitable bequests: Allocating a fixed sum, specific assets, or a percentage of the estate to a charity in your will Charitable trusts: Setting up a trust to donate assets gradually during your lifetime or posthumously, providing tax benefits while maintaining control over assets Other major charitable tax relief schemes Gift Aid (for individual taxpayers) Gift Aid is a government scheme allowing charities to claim an extra 25% on donations at no additional cost to the donor. For every £1 donated, the charity receives £1.25. Basic rate taxpayers (20%): No extra action needed; charities claim the additional 25% Higher rate (40%) and additional rate (45%) taxpayers: Can claim extra tax relief in their Self-Assessment Tax Return For example, if a higher-rate taxpayer donates £1,000, the charity receives £1,250 (with Gift Aid), and the donor can claim back £250 or £312.50 in tax relief, effectively lowering their cost of donation. To use Gift Aid, donors must fill out a Gift Aid form and ensure their donations do not exceed four times their paid tax in that tax year. Payroll giving (for PAYE employees) Employees can donate directly from their pre-tax salary via Payroll Giving. Since donations are made before tax is deducted, donors benefit from immediate tax relief. For example, a 40% taxpayer donates £100 via Payroll Giving. The actual cost to the donor is only £60, but the charity still receives the full £100. To participate, employers must offer Payroll Giving through an HMRC-approved scheme. Donating shares, land, or property (for high-net-worth individuals) Donating assets such as stocks, land, or property to a registered charity qualifies for income tax relief and capital gains tax (CGT) exemption. The main tax benefits include: Full income tax deduction: The market value of the donated asset is deductible from taxable income CGT exemption: No Capital Gains Tax applies on appreciated assets For example, if an individual owns shares worth £50,000, selling them would incur 20% CGT (£10,000 tax). However, donating them avoids CGT and provides a £50,000 income tax deduction. Corporate donations (for businesses) Businesses can donate cash, assets, or services to charities and fully deduct the value from taxable profits, reducing Corporation Tax. For example, with the 2024 corporate tax rate at 25%, a business donating £100,000 can deduct this from taxable profits, saving £25,000 in taxes. Eligible corporate donations include: Cash gifts Products (such as food, medicines, computers) Employee volunteer hours (while on payroll) Shares, land, or buildings Some Advice from TB Accountants Whether you are an employee, high-net-worth individual, or business owner, charitable donations can significantly reduce your tax burden while supporting good causes. For personalised tax planning and to maximise your tax relief, we recommend consulting a professional tax accountant. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Labour plans to implement a 2% wealth tax to generate additional billions of pounds in revenue. Before Chancellor Rachel Reeves announces the Spring Budget next week, there is a growing call for the introduction of a 2% wealth tax on the richest individuals. Many Labour MPs and activists supporting the policy argue that it would address economic inequality and generate tens of billions of pounds in revenue. The tax increase proposal, spearheaded by the campaign group Patriotic Millionaires UK, also claims that the absence of a wealth tax is costing the UK £460 million per week. How Would a Wealth Tax Work? The exact eligibility criteria and tax rate remain unclear. However, according to Patriotic Millionaires UK, a wealth tax should apply to individuals with assets exceeding £10 million, ensuring that only a tiny fraction of the population—just 0.04% (around 20,000 people)—would be affected. Labour MP Diane Abbott stated: "If a 2% wealth tax were imposed on those with assets over £10 million, it could raise an additional £24 billion per year." Anti-Brexit campaigner and founder of MoneyShe.com and SCM Direct, Gina Miller, also supports a 1% or 2% wealth tax. According to Patriotic Millionaires UK, 72% of respondents support taxing individuals with wealth over £10 million, while 65% of UK millionaires also back the idea, believing it could help fund public services and tackle the cost-of-living crisis. Meanwhile, Chris Etherington, a private client partner at tax consultancy RSM, commented: "The Treasury is considering raising funds through a wealth tax rather than exploring potential spending cuts." Will Labour Actually Introduce a Wealth Tax? Before the Autumn Budget in September 2024, Chancellor Reeves stated on the Today programme: "We will not introduce a wealth tax, but we will have to make many tough decisions regarding taxation, spending, and welfare." Earlier this month, when asked whether the government was considering a wealth tax, a Treasury spokesperson told MoneyWeek: "Our progressive tax system means that the top 1% of earners contribute nearly a third of income tax revenues, and funds from wealth and asset taxes—such as capital gains tax and inheritance tax—support billions of pounds in public services." Whether this stance will change remains uncertain. Read more... More than a fifth of UK adults still not looking for work Last week, Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall announced significant cuts to disability and sickness benefits, aiming to save £5 billion annually by 2030. The government hopes these measures will encourage more people into work while ensuring that benefits remain available for those who genuinely face employment difficulties. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), more than one-fifth of the UK’s working-age population is currently not employed or actively looking for work. In the three months leading up to January 2025, the UK’s economic inactivity rate (the proportion of people neither working nor seeking work) stood at 21.5%, showing a slight decrease compared to the previous quarter and the same period last year. At present, 9.27 million people in the UK are classified as economically inactive, with key reasons including long-term illness, studying, retirement, and caregiving responsibilities. The Labour government aims to raise the employment rate to 80%, compared to the current rate of 75%. A report by Keep Britain Working found that 8.7 million people in the UK currently face work limitations due to health issues, marking a 2.5 million increase over the past decade. This includes: 1.2 million people aged 16-34 900,000 people aged 50-64 The study also revealed that individuals unemployed for less than a year are five times more likely to return to work than those who have been unemployed long-term. At the same time, layoffs have increased for the first time in a year, with 124,000 people made redundant in the three months leading up to January 2025. Meanwhile, the Bank of England is monitoring wages and employment data to guide its interest rate policy. In its latest decision, the central bank held the base rate steady at 4.5%. The base interest rate influences lending rates at high-street banks and financial institutions. While higher rates in recent years have led to increased borrowing costs (such as mortgages and credit cards), they have also improved returns for savers. Economists predict that there will be two interest rate cuts before the end of 2025, with most expecting the first reduction in May. Read More... Official data shows that government borrowing last month increased by £15 billion compared to the same period last year, with the budget deficit surpassing economists’ expectations. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the government's fiscal shortfall in February reached £10.7 billion, as both spending and borrowing exceeded projections, while tax revenues fell short of expectations. This marks the fourth-highest borrowing figure on record since 1993 and £4.1 billion higher than economists' estimates in a Reuters poll. With public finances under mounting pressure, Chancellor Rachel Reeves faces difficult choices in the upcoming Spring Budget, including the possibility of tax hikes or spending cuts. Additionally, tax revenues fell short of estimates from the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR): ● Tax receipts were £11.4 billion lower than OBR’s forecast. ● Government borrowing was £20.4 billion higher than projected. By the 11th month of the financial year, government borrowing had risen from £117.5 billion last year to £132.2 billion, an increase of £15 billion. This is bad news for Chancellor Reeves, who is set to update the UK's economic outlook in the Spring Budget statement. Meanwhile, last month's reported budget surplus was revised down by £2.1 billion, further highlighting the challenging fiscal environment. Economic analysts warn that these figures will likely lead to spending cuts and tax increases. Pantheon Macroeconomics predicts that the government will announce spending reductions in next week’s Spring Budget, followed by further tax hikes in the October Budget. The Resolution Foundation agrees, stating: "If the economy does not improve quickly, tax increases will have to be reconsidered." With sluggish tax revenues and rising borrowing costs, the UK government faces tough decisions to restore fiscal stability. Read More... This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

As the tax increases from the Labour Party's Autumn Budget gradually come into effect, changes to Council tax, which directly affect households, have largely been finalised. Among the 139 upper-tier local authorities in England that have proposed or confirmed tax increases, 85% plan to set the increase at the default maximum of 4.99% from April. For most areas in London, the 4.99% increase includes an additional £95.01 for Council tax and an extra £18.98 levied by the London Mayor. Under normal circumstances, local authorities must hold a local referendum to gain residents' approval if they wish to increase Council tax by 5% or more. However, six areas have applied for special permission and received Treasury approval for further increases: Bradford: 9.9% Birmingham: 7.49% Newham, London: 8.99% Somerset: 7.5% Trafford, Greater Manchester: 7.49% Windsor and Maidenhead: 8.99% The Resolution Foundation think tank reports that the lowest-income fifth of UK households spent 4.8% of their income on Council tax in the 2020-21 financial year. Overall, lower-income households tend to allocate three times the proportion of their income (4.8%) to Council tax compared to the wealthiest fifth (1.5%). How is council tax calculated? Council tax in the UK is collected by local authorities to fund public services such as waste management, social care, and the maintenance of public facilities. While Council tax is typically calculated annually, most local authorities allow instalment payments, meaning you can choose to pay monthly, quarterly, or by other agreed methods. Key factors in council tax calculation 1. Valuation Band Properties are categorised into valuation bands based on their market value. Each band has a corresponding tax rate, ranging from Band A (lowest value) to Band H (highest value). In England, the valuation bands are as follows: (Image source: GOV.UK ) 2. Tax Amount Calculation The specific council tax amount is determined by your local authority, meaning rates may vary between different areas. Each valuation band has a designated tax amount, which the local authority uses to calculate your bill. For example, if the Band D council tax in your area is £1,500 and your home is classified as Band D, you will need to pay £1,500. If your home falls under Band A, the tax amount will typically be lower. 3. Discounts and exemptions You may be eligible for a discount or exemption in certain circumstances, including: Single Person Discount: A 25% discount applies if only one adult resides in the property. Student Exemption: Properties occupied solely by full-time students are entirely exempt from Council tax. Low-Income Households: You may qualify for Council tax Reduction (CTR) if you are on a low income or receiving benefits. Special Hardship Relief: If you are experiencing financial hardship due to reasons such as long-term illness or unemployment, you can apply for further reductions. Does council tax always increase? Since council tax is a key revenue source for local councils to fund public services, factors such as inflation and rising costs often result in annual increases. However, it is not always a one-way increase. In some cases, your property may be reassessed and placed in a different valuation band, leading to a change in your tax amount. Situations that may lead to reassessment include: Partial demolition of the property without rebuilding Conversion of a property into two or more separate units (e.g., an annex), each with its own valuation band Splitting a single property into multiple flats Merging multiple flats into a single property Starting or ceasing to work from home Structural modifications by a previous owner Significant changes in the local area, such as new roads being built A general revaluation of properties in the area What if your Council tax bill is incorrect? Council tax bills are usually issued between March and April each year, depending on your local authority. The bill outlines the amount payable for the new financial year (starting 1 April). Most councils send these bills by late March to allow residents time to arrange payment. If you recently purchased a property or moved into a new home, you may receive a temporary bill covering only the remaining months of the financial year. If you believe your council tax bill has been sent to the wrong person, contains an incorrect amount, or if you are entitled to a discount or exemption but have not received it, you can appeal the bill. However, if your only reason for appeal is that you find the bill too high, your appeal will not be accepted. You should write to your local authority explaining the reason for your appeal. A response is typically provided within two months. If your appeal is successful, a revised bill will be issued. However, you must continue paying your current bill until the new one arrives. If your appeal is rejected, the council should explain the reasoning behind their decision. What happens if you miss a council tax payment? If you miss a payment, your local authority will send a reminder notice, giving you seven days to make the payment. If you fail to pay within this period, you will be required to pay the full annual council tax amount. If you miss another payment, a second reminder will be sent. Each financial year (1 April – 31 March), you can receive a maximum of two reminder notices. If you miss a third payment, the council will issue a final notice requiring full payment of the year's tax. If you do not pay within seven days, the council may take legal action, including applying to the local court for a liability order to recover the debt. If you still fail to pay, the council may instruct your employer to deduct the unpaid amount directly from your wages. In extreme cases, some local authorities have taken non-payers to court. Courts will assess whether you have the means to pay but have refused to do so, or if you genuinely cannot afford the payments. If the court determines that you have no valid reason for non-payment and you refuse to pay, you could face up to three months in prison. However, if you owe money, you may be able to negotiate a repayment plan with the council. Some Advice from TB Accountants As an annual tax that must be paid, the rise in council tax will increase living costs for homeowners and tenants alike. Although landlords typically cover this tax, they may pass on the additional costs to tenants in certain situations. TBA UK has 16 years of experience in tax management and is dedicated to providing practical tax planning and savings strategies to help you reduce your tax burden and optimise your financial management for long-term wealth growth. Whether you need assistance with personal tax matters or are looking for more efficient business financial solutions, our team of professional tax accountants offers tailored services. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

On 10 February, the streets of London witnessed a large-scale protest. Thousands of farmers drove approximately 2,000 tractors into Westminster to voice their strong opposition to the Labour Party's plan to impose an inheritance tax on farms. The trigger for this protest was a new inheritance tax policy proposed as part of Labour’s fiscal strategy. The policy plans to levy a 20% inheritance tax on farms valued at over £1 million (or £3 million in some cases). For farmers who have been running family farms for generations, this policy comes as a heavy blow. Many fear it will force them to sell off land inherited from their ancestors in order to pay the high tax bill, ultimately leading to the collapse of family-run farms and posing a threat to the UK’s food security. Since Labour released its first Autumn Budget after taking office, debates over its tax policies have been ongoing. This is not the first time farmers have taken to the streets in protest. On 11 December 2024, thousands of farmers and hundreds of tractors flooded central London, carrying banners with slogans such as ‘No Farmers, No Food, No Future’ and ‘Save British Farming’ using the most direct approach to express their dissatisfaction with the government. British Farmers and the Government’s Battle Over Inheritance Tax Since the 1990s, British farmers have enjoyed inheritance tax exemptions on agricultural assets. However, under the latest fiscal regulations, from 6 April 2026, agricultural assets worth over £1 million will be subject to a 20% inheritance tax. Many see this as a ‘betrayal’ of farmers. Some may wonder how farm assets could exceed £1 million so easily. It is important to note that the policy clearly states that the valuation includes not just farm income but also agricultural machinery, such as tractors, harvesters, and trailers. In reality, the total value of agricultural equipment on most farms already exceeds £1 million, making the vast majority of farms liable for the inheritance tax. Many farmers worry that if the law is implemented, they will have no choice but to sell land to pay the tax, gradually losing their status as farmers, a role that has defined their families for generations. If that happens, who will be left to sustain British agriculture? Meanwhile, Chancellor Rachel Reeves has assured farmers that the expanded inheritance tax revenue will be used to fund the NHS. The NHS, established in 1948, is the UK’s national healthcare system providing free and comprehensive medical services to all residents. However, farmers are not convinced by this explanation, with many believing that the increased tax burden is merely an attempt to plug the £21 billion financial deficit left by the previous government. On 16 November last year, Prime Minister Keir Starmer delivered a speech at the Welsh Labour Conference, where dozens of farmers drove their tractors straight from their farms to protest in the cold wind and rain.  Starmer, however, did not appear and instead exited through the back door after the conference ended. On 19 November, another large-scale protest was launched, with around 40,000 farmers gathering in Westminster to protest the tax reforms. On 10 February, British farmers once again drove their tractors en masse into Westminster, making this the largest protest to date. Tips for Managing Agricultural Inheritance Tax Following the inheritance tax reform, British farmers are facing a greater tax burden, especially those who own high-value farms and agricultural land. How can farmers manage these high taxes to ensure their farms can be successfully passed on to the next generation? This issue has sparked extensive discussions online. Here are some of the most popular strategies: 1.Utilising Agricultural Property Relief (APR) Agricultural Property Relief is a tax relief policy provided by the UK government that allows eligible agricultural assets to receive either 50% or 100% inheritance tax relief. Farmers must ensure their land is actively used for agricultural purposes, such as farming or grazing, and that they meet the required ownership or usage period (at least two years for ownership or seven years for usage). Proper planning can help farmers incorporate most of their farm assets into APR exemptions, significantly reducing inheritance tax liabilities. 2.Business Property Relief (BPR) If a farm operates as a business rather than merely an asset, it may qualify for Business Property Relief, which offers 50% or 100% inheritance tax relief. Farmers should ensure their farms are run as businesses and keep detailed financial records. By aligning farm assets with commercial activities, farmers can further reduce inheritance tax. 3.Setting Up a Trust A trust is a legal arrangement allowing farmers to transfer farm assets into a trust, managed by trustees and designated for beneficiaries (such as their children or heirs). By establishing a trust, farmers can transfer assets before death, thus reducing the taxable estate. Certain types of trusts, such as "Life Interest Trusts," may offer tax benefits. However, setting up a trust requires expert legal and tax advice to ensure compliance and optimise tax savings. 4.Gifting Strategies Farmers can gift farm assets to heirs during their lifetime to reduce the taxable estate. Annual Gift Exemption: Each individual can gift up to £3,000 per year tax-free. Seven-Year Rule: If the donor lives for seven years after gifting assets, the gift becomes entirely tax-free. Gifting Agricultural Assets: Gifts of agricultural property may qualify for additional tax relief, especially if they meet APR or BPR criteria. 5.Paying Inheritance Tax in Instalments The UK tax system allows farmers to pay inheritance tax in instalments, particularly when the estate primarily consists of agricultural or business assets. Farmers can choose to spread payments over ten years, paying 10% annually plus interest, providing more time to gather funds and avoiding the need for an immediate sale of assets. 6.Diversifying Farming Income Farmers can expand income streams to increase cash flow and manage potential tax burdens. Developing agritourism, such as farm shops or restaurants. Selling produce directly to consumers for higher profit margins. Leasing land for renewable energy projects, such as solar or wind farms. Some Advice from TB Accountants Inheritance tax planning involves complex legal and financial matters, making expert advice essential. Tax professionals can assist farmers in: Assessing asset structures and tax risks. Creating long-term estate planning strategies. Ensuring compliance with tax laws and avoiding potential legal issues. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

This month, the Bank of England has lowered the base rate from 4.75% to 4.5%, marking the third interest rate cut since August 2024 and reaching its lowest level in 18 months. Changes in interest rates also impact millions of people’s mortgages, credit cards, and savings rates. For savers, a rate cut may mean banks will reduce the Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on savings accounts, resulting in lower interest earnings. If the Bank of England continues to cut rates, banks may further decrease fixed-term deposit rates (such as one-year or five-year savings products), affecting long-term savings returns. Aside from interest rate changes, savers are also concerned about the following questions: Do savings interest earnings need to be taxed? Will there be an investigation if they are not declared? Today, we’ll provide detailed information on taxation of bank interest earnings. Do Savings Interest Earnings Need to Be Taxed? In the UK, the principal amount of savings is not subject to tax, but any interest earned on savings is taxable. This is known as tax on savings interest, and the specific tax obligations depend on your total income within a tax year (from 6 April to 5 April of the following year) and the applicable tax-free allowances. These include: Personal Allowance Starting Rate for Savings Personal Savings Allowancees the proportion of their income (4.8%) to Council tax compared to the wealthiest fifth (1.5%). Personal Allowance Most individuals can earn a certain amount tax-free before paying income tax, known as the Personal Allowance. The standard Personal Allowance for the 2024-25 tax year is £12,570. If your total income (including wages, pensions, and savings interest) does not exceed this amount, you do not need to pay tax. However, if your income exceeds £100,000, the Personal Allowance is reduced. For every £1 over £100,000, the Personal Allowance is reduced by £1. Starting Rate for Savings If your non-savings income (such as wages or pensions) does not exceed £17,570, you can benefit from up to £5,000 in the Starting Rate for Savings. This means that qualifying savings interest earnings within this threshold are taxed at 0%. It is important to note that as non-savings income increases, the applicable threshold for the Starting Rate for Savings is reduced. For every £1 of other income above the Personal Allowance, the starting rate allowance is reduced by £1. For example: If Alex earns a salary of £16,000 and receives £200 in savings interest, their salary, after deducting the Personal Allowance of £12,570, is £3,430. This means the remaining Starting Rate for Savings is £1,570 (£5,000 - £3,430 = £1,570). Since this is higher than the £200 interest earned, Alex does not need to pay tax on their savings interest. Personal Savings Allowance In addition to the above, you may be eligible for a Personal Savings Allowance of up to £1,000, depending on your income tax band. These tax-free allowances apply to savings interest earnings. Any interest exceeding the allowance is taxed at the applicable rate. Additional rate taxpayers (considered high-income earners) are not eligible for the Personal Savings Allowance. Therefore, if your annual income exceeds £125,140, you will need to pay tax on all savings interest. The allowances mentioned generally apply to interest earned from the following accounts: Bank and building society accounts Savings and credit union accounts Unit trusts, investment trusts, and open-ended investment companies Peer-to-peer lending Trust funds Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) compensation Government or corporate bonds Life annuity payments Certain life insurance policies Savings within tax-free accounts such as Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) and some National Savings and Investments (NS&I) accounts are not included in these allowances. Different tax rules also apply to foreign savings and children's accounts. Tax Planning Strategies You can optimise your tax strategy by making use of tax-free savings tools and maximising available allowances. Here are some recommendations: Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs): Interest earned within an ISA is completely tax-free. For the 2024/25 tax year, you can deposit up to £20,000 into an ISA. Tax-free investment products: Such as Premium Bonds, issued by NS&I. While they do not pay interest, they offer monthly prize draws with tax-free winnings. Individuals can hold up to £50,000 in Premium Bonds. Although returns are uncertain, winnings are tax-free. Spousal asset allocation: If you are married and your spouse has a lower income, consider holding savings accounts in their name to maximise their Personal Allowance and Personal Savings Allowance.   Declaration Requirements and Consequences of Non-Disclosure If your interest earnings exceed the tax-free allowances, you must pay tax on the excess amount according to the usual income tax rates. Additionally, if your income from savings and investments exceeds £10,000, you must register for Self Assessment with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) and file a tax return. Failure to declare taxable savings interest may result in: A tax investigation: HMRC may review your tax affairs. Penalties and interest: Late tax declarations and payments may incur penalties and interest charges on overdue tax. To avoid potential legal and financial consequences, ensure you accurately report all taxable income, including savings interest. Tax Treatment Based on Employment Status If you have no employment income and do not receive a pension: Your bank or building society will report your interest earnings to HMRC at the end of the year. HMRC will then inform you whether you owe tax and how to pay it. If you are employed or receive a pension: HMRC will adjust your tax code so that tax is deducted automatically. HMRC estimates your interest earnings based on the previous year’s figures and will notify you of any overpayment or underpayment of tax. If you have not received a tax calculation letter by 31 March 2025, you must contact HMRC as soon as possible to avoid penalties. Can You Claim a Refund If You Have Overpaid Savings Interest Tax? If you have overpaid tax on your savings interest, you can claim a refund within four years of the relevant tax year’s end. If you complete a Self Assessment tax return, you can claim your refund through your tax return. If not, you must complete an R40 form and send it to HMRC. Refunds typically take up to six weeks to process. If you have further questions regarding taxation of bank savings interest, or if you are unsure whether you need to pay tax and how much, or if you would like to explore financial and tax planning strategies to reduce tax liability, feel free to contact us. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

In recent years, extreme weather and unforeseen events have become more frequent in the UK due to global climate change. These incidents not only disrupt people's daily lives but also place immense financial strain on the insurance industry. According to the latest data from Deloitte, UK insurance companies are expected to pay out a total of £5.5 billion in claims to cover 2024—the highest level since the summer floods of 2007. For many homeowners facing costly repairs, insurance coverage may help cover part of the expenses. However, there is another often-overlooked opportunity—making use of tax relief policies. Today, we’ll explore whether home repair costs qualify for tax relief, break down relevant regulations, and provide practical advice to help you manage your finances and maximise tax benefits. Rising Payouts Could Lead to Higher Insurance Premiums Deloitte’s analysis predicts that UK insurers will pay out £5.5 billion in claims in 2024, marking the highest natural disaster-related pay-out since 2007. Industry experts warn that, after years of underwriting losses, insurers may further increase premiums. In Q3 2024, the average annual home insurance premium (covering both buildings and contents) was £407, up 16% from the previous year. Adjusted for broader inflation, this brings prices back to 2017 levels. However, claims volumes have surged by 72% compared to 2017.   Tax Relief on Home Repairs – What Qualifies? With insurance costs on the rise, which home repair or renovation projects qualify for tax relief in the UK? What are the eligibility requirements, and how can you claim? Let’s break it down. In the UK, home repair and renovation tax relief generally applies to the following situations: Essential Repairs & Maintenance – This includes repairs due to natural disasters or ageing, such as fixing a roof, replacing damaged plumbing, or repairing electrical systems. Energy Efficiency Improvements – If renovations improve energy efficiency—such as installing insulation, upgrading to energy-efficient windows, or replacing a boiler—you may qualify for tax relief or even government grants. Listed Building Repairs – If your property is a listed building, certain repair costs may be eligible for tax relief. Repairs for Rental Properties – Landlords can deduct maintenance and repair costs as allowable expenses from their taxable rental income. However, the UK has strict criteria and limitations on tax relief for home repairs. The property’s usage is taken into account, and original invoices and proof of expenses are required. Here are key considerations: Purpose & Functionality – The repair must be essential to the home's maintenance or improvement. Luxury renovations (e.g. building a swimming pool, high-end decor, or entertainment facilities) do not qualify. Compliance with UK Regulations – Works must meet Building Regulations and tax laws. Extensions or significant structural changes typically do not qualify. Proof of Expenses – Keep all invoices, contracts, and payment records in case of HMRC review. Residential vs Rental Property – Homeowners have fewer tax relief options, whereas landlords can deduct repair costs as business expenses. No Double Dipping with Insurance Payouts – If an insurance claim has already covered the repair, you cannot claim tax relief on the same expense. Real-Life Examples Case 1: Roof Repair & Energy Efficiency Upgrade Homeowner A’s roof was damaged in a storm and needed replacement. During repairs, he opted for an energy-efficient insulation upgrade, bringing the total cost to £12,000. £8,000 was covered by insurance. The remaining £4,000 was out-of-pocket. Since he used energy-efficient materials, he qualified for a VAT reduction and claimed a £400 tax relief on his Self-Assessment tax return. Case 2: Leak Repair in a Rental Property Landlord B owns a rental flat in London. A burst pipe caused water damage to the kitchen ceiling, affecting the tenant’s living conditions. She hired professionals to fix the plumbing and repair the damage, costing £4,500. According to HMRC rules, landlords can deduct necessary repair costs from rental income. By keeping all invoices and contracts, she classified the £4,500 as a deductible expense, saving £900 in taxes. How to Claim Tax Relief on Home Repairs 1.Gather All Required Documents – Ensure all invoices, insurance claim records, and repair-related documents are complete and accurate.   2.File the Correct Forms  Homeowners can claim tax relief on energy efficiency improvements through Self-Assessment. Landlords must report repair costs on Form SA105 (Property Income). 3.Submit Your Claim – Apply via HMRC’s online system or by post and keep copies for future reference.   Need Help? Get Expert Guidance Although tax relief applications may seem straightforward, they involve complex regulations and eligibility criteria. Mistakes could lead to rejection or potential tax risks. For professional guidance, consider consulting an experienced accounting firm.  At TB Accountants, our team of tax specialists can provide personalised financial and tax advice, ensuring you maximise on tax relief opportunities while staying compliant with UK tax laws. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Thinking about becoming a restaurant owner in the UK? Being a boss is not easy! Not only do you need a certain business acumen, but you also need to know how to reduce operating costs by saving expenses whilst managing staff, satisfying customers, and still maintaining food quality. Did you know that one of the key steps to saving costs for your restaurant is proper tax planning? If you’re a restaurant owner, be sure to accurately record some expenses – you could get back some taxes! Depreciation of assets If you want to open a restaurant, you may need to purchase a commercial building and purchase kitchen equipment and/or furniture. In that case, you can leverage these expenses—by declaring ‘depreciation of assets’ to some funds back. ‘Depreciation’ refers to the decrease in the value of assets over time, primarily due to wear and tear. According to current rules, depreciation does not need to be taxed. Instead, as assets depreciate, you can deduct the depreciation value from profits through capital allowances, thereby reducing taxable income. Generally, there are two methods for calculating depreciation: Straight Line Depreciation: For example, the cost of a computer is £1,000, with an expected life of 4 years, meaning the annual depreciation rate is 25%. Under the straight-line depreciation method, the annual depreciation amount is £250. Thus, each year, £250 is transferred from the balance sheet to the profit and loss statement. Therefore, after one year, the value on the balance sheet becomes £750, with £250 of depreciation recorded in the profit and loss statement. In the second year, the depreciation of the computer is £500, with another £250 recorded in the profit and loss statement. Reducing Balance Depreciation: This method is suitable for fixed assets that gradually depreciate, but whose lifespans cannot be accurately estimated. For example, the cost of a van is £8,000. In the first year, 25% depreciation is allowed, which is £2,000, leaving a balance of £6,000. In the second year, 25% depreciation is calculated from the reduced balance of £6,000, which is £1,500, leaving a balance of £4,500, and so on. When you purchase a new asset, it’s best to consult an accountant in advance to confirm whether the asset qualifies under the depreciation rules, and the specific calculations involved. Employee wages, benefits and pensions   As a restaurant owner, employee wages and benefits will account for a significant portion of your expenses. Fortunately, since they are part of business expenses, you can reduce taxes by deducting the following expenses when calculating business turnover: Wages and salaries: In addition to the amounts paid to employees, employers can also deduct National Insurance (NI) contributions and PAYE paid to HMRC, as well as the employer’s own NI contributions Benefits-in-kind: employee compensation benefits may not only include wages or salaries, but employees may also receive non-cash benefits such as company cars or private healthcare Pension payments Statutory payments: most employers are required to pay statutory payments to employees—statutory maternity pay, statutory paternity pay, statutory adoption pay, and statutory sick pay It’s important to keep detailed records for future verification of these claims. Rent, Utilities, and Maintenance Fees Business expenses also include rent, utilities (water, electricity, gas), and maintenance fees for renting restaurant space and maintaining restaurant operations. These can all be deducted from profits to reduce taxable income. Additionally, if you’re using your own property to run the restaurant, you can deduct expenses related to mortgage interest, property tax, and maintenance. Marketing and Advertising Every owner should know that marketing is essential—it’s the first step in attracting customers. Therefore, every restaurant will plan to invest some money in marketing and advertising, such as social media advertising, traditional media advertising, website operations, etc. Be sure to keep detailed records of these expenses—all of which are deductible for tax purposes. Office Supplies and Software If your restaurant has its own office, you may need to purchase documents, computers, various technological supplies, and software. Don’t overlook these expenses —these are also considered business expenses, and therefore qualify for tax deductions. Vehicle Repairs and Maintenance Many restaurants offer delivery services. If you buy a vehicle for the restaurant and use it for delivery, you can deduct up to 50% of any car maintenance costs. If the car is used for business 50% or more of the time, 50% of the costs can be deducted. Administrative Costs Administrative costs for the company include business entertainment, travel, communication, and transportation expenses. If you can ensure that these administrative expenses are entirely for restaurant business purposes, they can be deducted from operating profits. Business Insurance Various business insurances, such as liability insurance and property insurance, are also deductible. These insurances are crucial for protecting restaurants from unexpected events, and their costs can be written off. Alright, these are the eight important expenses that help restaurant owners save costs! Have you remembered them? As long as you understand these tax rules, you can increase the profitability of your restaurant. However, tax regulations are complex and are subject to change. We recommend that you consult with an expert accountant to help you plan ahead to optimise your restaurant finances for growth and profitability. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact TBA Group via email or WhatsApp .

Retirement may not be on everyone’s mind, but it’s something that many more people are thinking about now.  Investing in property is seen as one of the sure-fire ways to secure your future. Besides from the financial implications, have you ever thought about where you’d like to retire? Recently, the Daily Mail selected some of the best places in the UK to retire, considering factors like house prices, local amenities such as restaurants, shopping centres and other attractions such as historical sites. Surprisingly, Greater London made the list. We’ll select some of the top destinations listed. Retirement destinations Bournemouth Bournemouth, located on the south coast of Dorset, tops the list as the best place to retire. Known as a holiday town, it boasts seven miles of beaches and a pleasant climate compared to the gloomy weather of other parts of the UK. Residents enjoy more sunshine and warm seawater. Importantly, the overall living standards are good, with excellent healthcare services. The average house price in Bournemouth is £362,889. Canterbury, Kent Canterbury in Kent is familiar to many, known for its UNESCO World Heritage sites and popular tourist spots. The average house price is £329,159. Apart from affordable living costs, it offers excellent transport links, being just over 50 minutes from London. Banbury Banbury, a historic market town on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, offers a tranquil rural life with vibrant activities. The average house price here is £286,486. Chester Chester, a cathedral city on the River Dee in Cheshire, has an average house price of £305,334. It is known for its Victorian architecture, shops, and restaurants, and is close to the Welsh border. Cheltenham Cheltenham, a renowned spa town, has an average house price of £411,293. It’s famous for its cultural festivals, theatres, and museums, and is a popular spot for horse racing. Key factors Research shows that the best retirement spots often share many similarities: beautiful scenery, long coastlines, and peaceful villages. Excellent transport links for easy access to big cities also play a crucial role, reflected in their house prices. Where is your ideal retirement location? Is it on this list? How should I choose my retirement spot? Price vs budget Consider whether house prices match your budget. If you’ve lived in a big city like London, you might plan to sell your property and move to a more affordable area, leaving you with more pension funds. Proximity to family Many want to move closer to family post-retirement. If visiting family often is important, avoid relocating too far away. Transport Moving from a city with frequent public transport to a rural town with limited services requires preparation. If you have a car, it’s easier, but without one, good transport links are crucial for visiting family and social activities. Medical & care facilities If considering a place for long-term living, proximity to healthcare is vital. Living close to doctors or hospitals is beneficial. Crime & Safety While the UK is generally safe, selecting a low-crime area is important for a peaceful retirement. Community For an active social life, choose a place with ample community activities, or you might find even the most scenic location stifling. Even if you’re young, don’t ignore retirement planning. The earlier you start, the more options you’ll have to fully enjoy the freedom that retirement brings. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Recently, the High Pay Centre in the UK released a corporate pay report, and the figures are jaw-dropping! According to the report, the average salary for CEOs of FTSE 100 companies last year reached a record high of £4.2 million.  To put this into perspective, this means the income of a FTSE 100 CEO is 120 times higher than that of the average worker. 1.How much are CEOs paid? In 2022, the average salary for FTSE 100 CEOs was £4.1 million, meaning there was an increase of £100,000 in just one year. The High Pay Centre noted that this growth was mainly driven by particularly generous pay agreements at a small number of publicly listed companies. Reportedly, eight companies last year offered salaries exceeding £10 million, while only four companies did so in 2022. The report also highlighted the gender disparity in CEO salaries within FTSE 100 companies. Female CEOs earned significantly less, with an average salary of £2.69 million, compared to £4.19 million for male CEOs. This gap is primarily due to the smaller number of female CEOs – in the 2022-2023 financial year, only six companies had female CEOs. At the top of the pay list is Pascal Soriot, CEO of AstraZeneca, who is 65 years old. Can you guess how much he earned? Last year, Soriot’s salary was £16.85 million. In second place is Erik Engstrom, CEO of analytics company Relx, aged 61, with a salary of £13.64 million. Reportedly, companies such as Rolls-Royce, BAE Systems, GSK, HSBC, Pearson, and Diageo also paid their CEOs eight-figure salaries last year. For these executives, there could be even more good news – the UK government has made no commitments to limit executive compensation packages or introduce a ‘wealth tax’ on the super-rich, meaning most of their money stays in their pockets! You might be wondering, why are UK executives paid so much? The FTSE 100 index refers to the 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange, mostly UK companies but also including firms from other European countries. In comparison to American executives, the pay of these CEOs is actually quite modest! In 2020, the average salary for UK executives was only one-fifth of that for US executives. For instance, Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google’s parent company Alphabet, earned $226 million (£177 million) last year, and Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, earned $151 million. Astonishing, right? 2.How are executive and employee salaries determined? Salaries are usually determined by balancing various factors. For company executives, their pay structure can be quite complex, with base salary being just one part of the package. Executives also receive significant bonuses, often a mix of cash and stock options, which include annual bonuses based on internal targets and long-term incentives tied to performance over time. Executives also receive pensions (or cash equivalents in lieu of pensions) and other perks such as company cars, drivers, health insurance, and life insurance. If a new executive has to forfeit substantial stock or bonuses from a previous job, they may negotiate additional compensation, on top of other incentives. All these pay details are set by the company’s remuneration committee, made up of board members, and the committee typically hires compensation consultants to devise pay formulas. The details are published in the company’s annual report, and executive pay packages are subject to shareholder votes every three years. Shareholders can also vote annually to express their dissatisfaction with the current pay package, though these votes are advisory, meaning the company isn’t obligated to make changes. If you’re planning to start a company in the UK, you need to think not only about how much to pay your executives but also about employee salaries. Offering high pay can attract and retain talent, showing you value your employees and boosting their self-worth. However, as a business owner, you don’t want to overspend on salaries. So, what’s the right number? You’ll need to weigh factors such as: What future employees want The market value of employees Their value to your business What you can afford 3.Tips for employers Be clear about the role Understand your business structure and know what type of employee you need and for which position. Make sure the job title accurately reflects the role and responsibilities and define the percentage of time spent on each task. Research the Market and Gather Salary Data Look into what other companies are paying for similar roles. Keep in mind that salary data can change quickly, particularly for in-demand skills, so stay updated. Talk to local employers While online research is a good start, it’s also useful to talk to other business owners and recruitment firms to get a sense of appropriate salary ranges. Follow local laws Be aware of legal requirements regarding wages, including minimum wage, pay dates, frequency, and record-keeping obligations. Understand candidate expectations When interviewing candidates, don’t forget that they may have their own salary expectations. You can ask about their current pay structure and additional benefits. Calculate what you can afford After gathering market data, it’s time to assess your business budget. Consider how much a new employee can generate in revenue within the first year and how their salary fits into your company’s structure. Lastly, don’t forget to consider taxes! For instance, if you’re paying yourself as a company director, research whether it’s more tax-efficient to receive a salary or dividends.  If you’re paying employees, remember to apply for business expenses to lower your company’s tax bill. For any tax-related questions, feel free to contact TB Accountants for expert advice! This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

As one of the first countries in the world to implement a pension system, the UK has developed a highly structured pension scheme. Similar to paying social security contributions for pension insurance in other countries, individuals wishing to receive a pension in the UK must first pay National Insurance (NI) for a certain number of years during their working life. However, many people have a common question: does paying more tax mean receiving a higher pension? This article will answer this question and provide practical tips to help you enhance your pension entitlement and make informed long-term financial planning decisions. Will My Pension Increase if I Pay More Tax? First, let’s address the question: does paying more tax in the UK mean a higher pension? Many people assume that the more tax you pay, the more pension you receive. In reality, this is a misconception. The amount of UK State Pension is solely determined by your NI record and is not linked to the amount of other taxes paid. However, since there are various types of pensions, in addition to the basic State Pension, many individuals choose to participate in workplace pension schemes or set up private pension accounts to increase their pension entitlement. Types of UK Pensions and Eligibility Rules The UK pension system consists of three main types: State Pension, Workplace Pension, and Personal Pension. Each has different rules and payment amounts.   State Pension The State Pension is a regular payment from the government upon reaching the State Pension Age. The amount received is entirely based on your NI contribution years and is not directly linked to the tax you pay. Eligibility Rules: A minimum of 10 years of NI contributions is required to qualify for any State Pension. The maximum contribution period for a full pension is 35 years. If contributions fall below this, the pension amount is calculated proportionally. For example, 25 years of contributions would entitle you to 5/7 of the full pension. If your NI record is incomplete, you may be able to voluntarily top up contributions. State Pension Payment for 2024/2025: The latest weekly State Pension payment is £221.20. The amount increases annually according to the ‘Triple Lock’ policy, which ensures pension growth in line with wage increases, inflation, or 2.5% (whichever is highest). Deferring your State Pension can increase your entitlement by 1% for every 9 weeks delayed, equating to approximately a 5.8% increase per year. Workplace Pension Workplace Pensions are jointly contributed by employers and employees. Under the Auto-Enrolment scheme, employees aged over 22 and earning above £10,000 per year are automatically enrolled in a pension plan.   Eligibility Rules: Contributions are based on salary levels. Higher earnings generally lead to larger pension savings. Employees contribute 5% of pre-tax salary, while employers must contribute at least 3%, making a total minimum contribution of 8%. Employee contributions qualify for tax relief.   Important Considerations: Employers’ contributions do not affect employees' take-home pay, so negotiating higher employer contributions can be beneficial. Employees can opt out within one month of enrolment and receive a refund of contributions. They can re-join at any time. Workplace Pensions can usually be accessed at the same age as the State Pension, though this may increase in the future.   Withdrawal Options: Lump Sum Withdrawal – Up to 25% tax-free, with the remainder subject to income tax. Annuity Purchase – Converts pension savings into a guaranteed income for life. Investment Options – Explore investment plans with higher potential returns.   If you leave a job and face an employment gap, your employer will stop contributing to your pension. However, your existing pension savings remain yours. In most cases, pensions cannot be withdrawn early unless under exceptional health circumstances. You may choose to continue contributing via a Personal Pension during employment gaps.   Personal Pension Personal Pensions are self-funded savings plans, suitable for self-employed individuals, those without workplace pensions, or anyone looking to increase their retirement savings.   Eligibility Rules: Personal Pensions can be set up through financial institutions, insurance companies, or pension providers, offering tax relief. Two common types: Stakeholder Pensions – Flexible contributions with capped fees, allowing investment in stocks, bonds, and other assets. Self-Invested Personal Pensions (SIPP) – Allows greater investment control within a tax-advantaged framework. Tax Benefits: Contributions receive 20%-45% tax relief, depending on income tax rate. The annual contribution allowance for 2024/2025 is £60,000, with penalties for exceeding this limit.   Example: Basic-Rate Taxpayer’s Pension Plan A 30-year-old earning £3,000 per month contributes £300 per month to a personal pension. After tax relief, they only pay £240, while their pension receives the full £300. Assuming a 5% annual return, by age 55, their pension pot could grow to £198,000, with £49,500 available tax-free and the rest subject to income tax when withdrawn. Unused Pension Funds to Be Included in Inheritance Tax from 2027 From April 2027, unused pension funds will be considered part of an individual’s estate for Inheritance Tax (IHT). Under current IHT rules: If an estate exceeds £325,000, the excess is subject to 40% tax. If a home is passed to direct descendants, the threshold increases to £500,000. If the estate is inherited by a surviving spouse or civil partner, the threshold increases to £1 million (extended until 2030).   While these changes are a few years away, it is advisable to consider them in your estate planning. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .