Many people in the UK have experience with side businesses or have seen others share their experiences. Besides e-commerce platforms, an increasing number of people have started small home kitchens to sell homemade food. From baking cakes to preparing marinated dishes, customers can place orders online directly with the seller, often without using a food delivery platform. For home chefs, this significantly reduces labour and venue costs while generating extra income. Some people work full-time as students or employees during the weekdays and use their free time on weekends to pursue their passion and earn additional income. But did you know? Selling homemade food in the UK is subject to regulatory oversight, just like opening a restaurant. You must obtain the necessary certifications, fulfil your tax obligations, and may even be eligible for tax relief. Selling homemade food in the UK What Preparations Are Required? Running a home kitchen business in the UK is not as simple as cooking a meal for yourself. You need to follow these steps to ensure legal and compliant operation: Register as Self-Employed A home kitchen business is considered a type of food enterprise. Whether you do it full-time or part-time, you must register as self-employed with HMRC within three months of starting your business. Once registered: You can decide your working hours and methods (e.g. taking orders and preparing food); You earn income from selling food rather than receiving a fixed salary; You are responsible for tax obligations and business risks (e.g., paying taxes regularly and complying with hygiene inspections). If your business turnover is small and limited to occasional sales, HMRC may still classify you as self-employed, requiring registration. Registration Process: Visit the HMRC website and create a Government Gateway account (if you don’t have one); Fill in the self-employment registration form (provide your name, address, date of birth, National Insurance number, business type, etc.); Submit your application and wait for HMRC to send you a Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) number (usually received within 10 days); Use your UTR number to register for Self Assessment and submit a Self Assessment Tax Return annually. Register Your Food Business Under UK law, you must register your food business with your local council at least 28 days before starting operations. Registration is free and does not require renewal. If you plan to operate in multiple locations, you must register with each local council. Do not register too early. If your food business is not yet ready for commercial activity, wait until it is about to start before registering at https://www.gov.uk/guidance/food-business-registration . Operating a food business without registration may result in fines, up to two years' imprisonment, or both. Apply for a Food Hygiene Rating The Food Standards Agency (FSA) assigns a food hygiene rating ranging from 0 to 5 after an inspection. This rating assesses food safety and hygiene conditions. Inspections typically occur a few weeks after you register your food business (often unannounced), and the results are published on the FSA website for customers to check. Inspections cover: Food storage, handling, cooking, and refrigeration; Kitchen cleanliness, equipment hygiene, ventilation, and drainage; Whether employees maintain good hygiene practices. Apply for Food Premises Approval Depending on your business nature, you may need to apply for specific licences. You must apply if: ✅You handle raw or cooked meat, seafood, dairy, or other animal-derived foods and supply them to other businesses (e.g., supermarkets, restaurants) ✅You produce food in bulk and supply it to multiple locations instead of selling directly to consumers. You do not need to apply if: ❌You only sell food locally (e.g., selling homemade food directly to consumers) ❌Your business is retail-based and supplies small quantities (e.g., small restaurants, home kitchens, takeaways) ❌You have already registered your food business and do not engage in large-scale food processing. Establish an HACCP Plan A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan is a food safety management system designed to identify, assess, and control potential hazards in the food production process to ensure food safety. For more details, visit https://www.gov.uk/food-safety-hazard-analysis Obtain a Food Hygiene Certificate Before starting a home kitchen business, you must hold at least a Level 2 Food Hygiene Certificate and complete an accredited Level 2 Food Hygiene course to ensure you understand food safety and hygiene standards. Requirements for Selling on Food Delivery Platforms If you plan to sell via food delivery platforms such as Uber Eats, Deliveroo, Just Eat, or Panda Delivery, you may need to apply for an A5 licence, which covers businesses offering hot food for takeaway. Additionally, consider purchasing Public Liability Insurance to protect your business against risks such as food poisoning claims from customers. Taxation and Tax Relief As a home chef, you must declare and pay taxes based on your income. Some tax reliefs may apply: Personal Allowance: As of the 2024/25 tax year, the standard personal allowance is £12,570, meaning individuals earning below this threshold do not pay income tax; Trading Allowance: Self-employed individuals can receive up to £1,000 in tax-free trading allowance. However, this does not apply if you jointly own or control a trading business with family members; Business Expenses Deduction: You can claim a portion of business expenses such as council tax, heating, lighting, phone, and broadband costs to offset tax liability. If you run your home kitchen from a property you own, you may need to pay business rates for the portion used for business. Additionally, when selling your home, you might be liable for Capital Gains Tax on the business-used portion. Some Advice from TB Accountants This guide provides detailed information on starting a home kitchen business as a self-employed individual. However, some people wonder whether registering a company for food sales would be more advantageous. We would advise that this depends on your business scale, total income level, and financial planning. Registering a company may be beneficial if: Your annual income exceeds £30,000, and corporation tax is lower than income tax; You want to separate personal and business assets to reduce personal liability; You aim to optimise taxes through dividend payments and legitimate business expense claims (e.g., kitchen rental, equipment, ingredients, insurance, marketing); You plan to expand your food business and establish partnerships with food suppliers and B2B customers. Starting a business is never easy, whether it's a primary or secondary job. The registration process, document preparation, tax filing, and compliance requirements can be overwhelming. Don’t worry – our professional team is here to support you. From self-employment registration and tax filing to company registration and financial planning, our experienced tax experts offer personalised services to help your business thrive. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

From 6 April, the UK entered a new tax year, and with it came a series of new regulations. Have you already noticed changes in your household bills or tax liabilities? For many business owners, the effects may become more apparent by the end of the month. Whether you're self-employed or run a limited company, the 2025/26 tax year brings several important changes—impacting Employer National Insurance Contributions (NICs), minimum wage rates, company size thresholds, and Capital Gains Tax (CGT), among others. If you're a business owner or have registered a UK limited company, the following policy updates are crucial to understand. If you’re an employee or about to enter the workforce, some of the benefits you may be entitled to are also changing. Employer National Insurance Contributions In the 2025/26 tax year, significant changes will directly impact employers—most notably regarding Class 1 Secondary NICs.  Effective from 06 April 2025: The employer rate for Class 1 Secondary NICs (on employees' wages) will rise from 13.8% to 15%. The NIC threshold will decrease from £9,100 to £5,000, meaning employers will pay NICs for more of their employees' earnings. NICs on employee expenses and benefits (Class 1A and Class 1B) will also increase from 13.8% to 15%. Despite the rise in tax burden, the government has introduced measures to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs): Employment Allowance will increase by 110%, from £5,000 to £10,500 per year. The £100,000 eligibility threshold for this allowance will be abolished, enabling more businesses to benefit.   NIC Lower Earnings & Small Profits Thresholds The Lower Earnings Limit (LEL) and Small Profits Threshold (SPT) are key in determining whether employees or self-employed individuals qualify for National Insurance records (e.g. to claim the State Pension). From 6 April 2025, the following changes will apply: LEL (employees): increases from £6,396 to £6,500 per year. SPT (self-employed): increases from £6,725 to £6,845 per year. Only individuals earning above these thresholds will be treated as having paid NICs, thus accumulating qualifying years for benefits like the State Pension. Note: Actual NIC payments are only required if annual earnings exceed the personal allowance of £12,570. Below this, voluntary contributions can be made. Minimum Wage Increases From 01 April 2025, the National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage will be updated as follows: 21 and over (National Living Wage): £12.21/hour Ages 18–20: £10.00/hour Ages 16–17: £7.55/hour Apprentices: £7.55/hour Accommodation Offset: £10.66/night   Statutory Employee Benefits Increase From 6 April 2025, statutory employee benefit payments will increase: Statutory Sick Pay (SSP): £118.75 per week Statutory pay for maternity, paternity, adoption, shared parental, and parental bereavement leave: £187.18 per week Maternity Allowance: £187.18 per week Also from this date, eligible employees will gain the ‘day one right’ to Statutory Neonatal Care Leave and Pay, if caring for a baby in neonatal intensive care. Pay is set at £187.18 per week.   Small Employers’ Relief Increase From 6 April 2025, the Small Employers’ Relief reimbursement rate will increase from 103% to 108.5%. This allows qualifying small businesses to: Reclaim 100% of statutory payments (maternity, paternity, adoption, parental bereavement, shared parental, neonatal), Plus an additional 8.5%, to help cover indirect costs of processing these payments. Larger employers may still reclaim 92% under existing rules. State Pension Annual Increase Under the Triple Lock Guarantee, pensions will rise by 4.1% in the 2025/26 tax year: New State Pension (for those reaching retirement age on/after April 2016): rises from £221.20 to £230.25/week, or about £470 annually. Basic State Pension (before April 2016): rises from £169.50 to £176.45/week, or about £361 annually. Company Size Classification Thresholds As part of the 2024 Companies (Accounts and Reports) Regulations, the UK will adjust turnover thresholds for company size classifications from 6 April 2025. The new thresholds affect: Micro-entities Small companies Medium-sized companies Large companies’ thresholds and employee headcount rules remain unchanged. The new limits, applicable to financial years starting on or after 6 April 2025, will allow more Limited Companies and LLPs to qualify as Micro or Small entities—benefiting from simplified financial reporting obligations. In addition, certain disclosure requirements in directors’ reports for medium and large companies will be removed to reduce administrative burdens.   Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Changes From 6 April 2025, the preferential CGT rate for: Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) and Investors’ Relief (formerly Entrepreneurs’ Relief) ...will increase from 10% to 14%. This applies to qualifying disposals made on or after this date, affecting business owners or investors planning to sell shares or assets. The CGT rate is scheduled to rise again in April 2026, from 14% to 18%, aligning it with the general lower CGT rate bracket and tightening tax treatment of asset disposals.   Retail, Hospitality & Leisure Business Rates Relief Extended The UK Government has extended the Retail, Hospitality and Leisure (RHL) business rates relief for another year. However, the relief will reduce from 75% to 40%, with a maximum cap of £110,000 per business. Additionally: Standard multiplier will increase from 54.6p to 55.5p Small business multiplier remains frozen at 49.9p   Furnished Holiday Lettings Tax Regime to Be Abolished From 6 April 2025, the Furnished Holiday Lettings (FHL) tax regime will be abolished. This means the current tax advantages and separate reporting requirements for FHL properties will end. Income and gains from such properties will now be taxed as part of the taxpayer’s UK or overseas property business under standard rules, as with unfurnished or non-FHL lets. HMRC Late Payment Interest Rate Increase According to the Autumn Budget 2024, from 06 April 2025, HMRC will increase the interest rate on late tax payments by 1.5 percentage points, setting it at Bank of England base rate + 4%. This change will significantly raise the cost of delayed payments. Taxpayers are strongly advised to meet filing and payment deadlines to avoid additional interest and penalties. If you need professional advice or want to understand how these changes affect your business or personal finances, contact TB Accountants for more advice. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Did you know that although singles might save on Valentine’s Day gifts, they end up spending at least a few thousand pounds more than couples every year on their daily living expenses. And that’s far more than the cost of any Valentine’s gift!   Single People Spend an Extra £2,533 Annually Compared to Couples! According to data from Hargreaves Lansdown, single people end up paying significantly more across various aspects of life compared to couples. This includes rent or mortgage payments, council tax, energy bills, food, broadband, and phone costs. Basic housing expenses — including rent or mortgage, council tax, and energy bills — cost single people an average of £7,974 per year, while couples each spend £6,215 annually. Higher Food and Utility Costs for Singles Since single individuals lack the advantage of bulk purchasing and shared cooking, they spend an average of £574 more on food annually than couples. Data from CEIC indicates that energy costs (including electricity, gas, and fuel) in the UK average around £200 per month. Since singles have no one to share these expenses with, they typically bear the full cost, whereas couples can split these bills, reducing individual financial burdens. Moreover, single people spend £828 per year on communications and devices, while couples each pay only £628.   Less Money Left at the End of the Month Studies show that on average, at the end of the month, single people are left with just £42, while couples have around £341 left after covering their expenses. Additionally, single people often tend to spend more on social activities such as going to bars, karaoke, and other entertainment venues, which adds further costs. But even without factoring in these expenses, single individuals still end up spending around £2,533 more per year than couples. How Can Single People Cut Living Costs? 1. Claim a Council Tax Discount Single people can benefit from a 25% discount on council tax, which applies whether you rent or own your home. As long as you live alone, you’re entitled to this reduction. You may also qualify for a discount if your partner is in long-term care. Additionally, if your income is low, you could be eligible for further council tax support.   2. Apply for Pension Credit Many people overlook the Pension Credit benefit. If you’ve reached the State Pension age and have a low income, Pension Credit provides extra funds to help cover living expenses — and even contributes towards housing costs. For single people, Pension Credit can boost weekly income to £201.05. For couples, the weekly income can increase to £306.85. You can apply online, call 0800 99 1234, or submit an application by post.   3. Make the Most of Capital Gains Tax Allowance Single individuals have an annual £3,000 Capital Gains Tax (CGT) exemption. By timing asset sales strategically, you can maximise the use of this allowance and reduce potential tax liabilities.   4. Consider House-Sharing Sharing a home can significantly reduce living costs, especially rent and utilities. According to Unbiased, the average monthly bill for electricity and gas in a three-bedroom house is around £167. Splitting this between three people means each will pay only £56 per month. Council tax for a shared house averages £57 per person. 5. Maximise Freezer Usage Buying food in bulk is usually cheaper, and filling your freezer with ingredients can encourage more home cooking. This reduces reliance on takeaways and eating out, saving a significant amount in the long run.   6. Control Entertainment Spending Why not opt for lower-cost social activities or take advantage of group deals and discounts?   Many entertainment venues offer group-buying deals, allowing you to enjoy social time without overspending. ‘Companionship Culture’ on the Rise? In the 21st century, it seems we’ve entered the era of ‘companionship culture’ . Whether it’s a travel buddy, a dining partner, or a gym companion, having someone to share experiences with not only fulfils emotional needs but also helps reduce living costs. Isn’t that, in some sense, a different kind of ‘relationship’? This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Temu to stop selling goods from China directly to US customers As the U.S. cancels its de minimis exemption rule, tariffs and import taxes will be imposed on goods valued under $800.  In response, Chinese cross-border e-commerce platform Temu has announced it will stop directly selling China-imported goods to U.S. consumers through its platform. Sales in the U.S. will now be handled by local sellers, with orders fulfilled and shipped domestically within the United States. In a statement, Temu said it has been actively recruiting U.S. companies to join its platform. “Now, all sales within the U.S. are handled by local sellers, with orders fulfilled within the country, helping local businesses reach more customers and grow their operations.” What is the de minimis exemption rule? The de minimis exemption is a U.S. trade rule enacted by Congress in 1938, intended to avoid the administrative costs associated with collecting small amounts of import duties. When an individual package shipped from overseas to the U.S. is declared at a value of $800 or less, U.S. Customs allows it to enter duty- and tax-free, under this “small-value exemption.” The original goal of the policy was to simplify customs procedures, reduce the clearance cost of low-value goods, and facilitate personal online shopping or small-scale cross-border trade. But in recent years, large e-commerce platforms like Temu and Shein have used this rule to ship massive quantities of low-cost goods directly from China to U.S. consumers, bypassing tariffs and regulations. This has sparked discontent among the U.S. government and domestic businesses. Critics of the de minimis rule argue that it creates unfair competition, harms U.S. manufacturing, and increases the risk of illegal smuggling and counterfeit goods. As a result, former President Donald Trump, upon taking office, actively pushed to cancel the exemption, aiming to impose taxes even on low-value packages. Since returning to the White House in January this year, Trump has already imposed tariffs of up to 145% on Chinese imports. In April, he stated that if the new tariffs are combined with existing ones, the tax rate on some Chinese goods could reach 245%. How will tax rates change after the exemption is canceled? With the cancellation of the de minimis exemption, packages shipped from mainland China and Hong Kong to the U.S. — even those valued at $800 or less — will face a 120% tax rate or a fixed fee. The fee initially starts at $100 and is expected to rise to $200 by early June. E-commerce platforms Shein and Temu said in statements that “due to recent global trade rule and tariff changes,” their operating costs have increased, leading to price adjustments from April 25 and that they will announce further measures soon. According to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), goods within the exemption scope account for over 90% of all goods entering the U.S. UK and EU considering review of small-package tariffs Meanwhile, the United Kingdom has announced it will review low-value imports entering the country. Currently, U.K. rules allow international retailers to ship packages valued under £135 without paying import taxes.Chancellor Rachel Reeves stated that these cheap goods are “undermining Britain’s high streets and U.K. retailers’ competitiveness.” The European Union has also proposed canceling the exemption for packages valued under €150 — meaning that U.K. and EU consumers may soon face higher prices as well. Read more... House prices fall in April as stamp duty changes kick in According to the latest data from Nationwide, since the stamp duty adjustment in April, UK house prices have fallen 0.6% month-on-month, and the annual growth rate of house prices has also slowed. However, home prices are still 3.4% higher compared to the same period last year, with the current average price at £270,752. Nationwide’s Chief Economist, Robert Gardner, stated that transaction volumes surged in March as buyers rushed to avoid higher stamp duty costs, and “the market may remain slightly subdued in the coming months.” However, with the possibility of further interest rate cuts, homebuying activity may rebound over the summer. Starting April 1, 2025, the stamp duty exemption threshold for ordinary residential transactions will be lowered, cutting the tax-free threshold for residential property purchases from £250,000 to £125,000, meaning more property transactions will be subject to taxation. In addition, the benefits for first-time buyers will also be adjusted: The tax-free threshold will drop from £425,000 to £300,000; The maximum property price eligible for the 5% stamp duty rate will decrease from £625,000 to £500,000; If the property price exceeds £500,000, buyers will no longer qualify for any first-time buyer benefits and will have to pay the standard stamp duty rates. The new policy means homebuyers will face higher tax burdens, particularly first-time buyers and those purchasing mid-priced homes. Ashley Webb, an economist at Capital Economics, noted that April’s house price drop was the largest monthly decline since August 2023. Lowering mortgage rates will help boost housing demand in the coming months and offset the spending squeeze caused by U.S. President Trump’s trade tariffs, which may lead to rising housing costs. The firm forecasts that UK house prices will rise 3.5% in 2025 and 4.5% in 2026. Read More... Milkshakes and lattes could be covered by sugar tax Under a new plan, the sugar tax currently applied to carbonated drinks could be extended to include prepackaged milkshakes and lattes. This means the UK may end its tax exemption for milk-based drinks, as well as non-dairy alternatives like oat or rice-based drinks, further expanding the scope of the sugar tax. The sugar tax (formally known as the Soft Drinks Industry Levy, SDIL) is a tax on prepackaged drinks (such as those sold in cans and cartons in supermarkets). It applies to manufacturers and was introduced by the Conservative government in April 2018 to help tackle obesity. Last week, the Treasury confirmed a proposal to lower the sugar content threshold from 5 grams per 100 millilitres to 4 grams before the tax applies. Government analysis estimates that about 203 types of prepackaged milk drinks (accounting for 93% of sales in that category) would be taxed unless they reduce their sugar content as proposed. Milk-based drinks were initially exempted due to concerns over calcium intake. However, it’s now reported that young people obtain only 3.5% of their total calcium intake from these drinks, suggesting that “their health benefits likely do not outweigh the harm from excessive sugar consumption.” According to statistics released in September 2024, the Soft Drinks Industry Levy has raised £1.9 billion since its launch in 2018, with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) collecting £338 million in revenue during the 2023–24 fiscal year. In recent years, opposition has come from the soft drinks industry, pubs, and off-licences, with some arguing the tax disproportionately impacts low-income households while doing little to combat obesity. The government consultation will run until July 21. Read More... This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

The Prime Minister proposes stricter immigration rules with English Tests and Delayed Settlement On Monday, May 12, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer announced a comprehensive overhaul of the country’s immigration system. In a newly released immigration white paper, the government detailed plans to tighten immigration rules and significantly reduce net migration to the UK. Under the new white paper, stricter controls will be implemented across all areas of the immigration system, including: Raising the skill requirement to degree level Increasing English language proficiency standards Extending the qualifying period for permanent settlement from 5 years to 10 years According to The Times, the new plan aims to establish “a controlled, highly selective, and fair system.” One major change includes raising the English language requirement for work visa applicants to the equivalent of A-Level (B2) proficiency. This level means being able to “express oneself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions,” and to “use the language flexibly and effectively.” Currently, only a GCSE-level proficiency is required. Additionally, the period required to apply for permanent residency on a work visa may be extended from 5 years to 10 years. However, this will depend on factors such as the applicant’s time spent outside the UK and the stability of their financial situation. UK media have also reported that visa applications from nationals deemed more likely to overstay or seek asylum in the UK may face additional restrictions. Work and study visas from countries such as Pakistan, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka are reportedly most likely to be affected. According to Home Office data, the UK received 108,138 asylum applications in 2024—marking the highest 12-month total since records began in 2001. Net migration for the same year was approximately 728,000. Prime Minister Starmer stated: “Some people think controlling immigration is about restricting a natural freedom, rather than a basic and reasonable responsibility of government to make choices in the interest of the national economy. For years, this attitude has clouded our judgment. Let me be clear: those days are over. We will build a system that is controlled, selective, and fair.” When asked whether this meant net migration numbers would fall, he responded that “net migration will fall significantly by the end of this Parliament,” though he did not provide a specific target. Read more... UK and US announce trade deal According to the latest data from Nationwide, since the stamp duty adjustment in April, UK house prices have fallen 0.6% month-on-month, and the annual growth rate of house prices has also slowed. However, home prices are still 3.4% higher compared to the same period last year, with the current average price at £270,752. Nationwide’s Chief Economist, Robert Gardner, stated that transaction volumes surged in March as buyers rushed to avoid higher stamp duty costs, and “the market may remain slightly subdued in the coming months.” However, with the possibility of further interest rate cuts, homebuying activity may rebound over the summer. Starting April 1, 2025, the stamp duty exemption threshold for ordinary residential transactions will be lowered, cutting the tax-free threshold for residential property purchases from £250,000 to £125,000, meaning more property transactions will be subject to taxation. In addition, the benefits for first-time buyers will also be adjusted: The tax-free threshold will drop from £425,000 to £300,000; The maximum property price eligible for the 5% stamp duty rate will decrease from £625,000 to £500,000; If the property price exceeds £500,000, buyers will no longer qualify for any first-time buyer benefits and will have to pay the standard stamp duty rates. The new policy means homebuyers will face higher tax burdens, particularly first-time buyers and those purchasing mid-priced homes. Ashley Webb, an economist at Capital Economics, noted that April’s house price drop was the largest monthly decline since August 2023. Lowering mortgage rates will help boost housing demand in the coming months and offset the spending squeeze caused by U.S. President Trump’s trade tariffs, which may lead to rising housing costs. The firm forecasts that UK house prices will rise 3.5% in 2025 and 4.5% in 2026. Read More... Interest rate cut to 4.25% by Bank of England As the UK and US reached a trade agreement, the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to lower the benchmark interest rate from 4.5% to 4.25%. The vote revealed a three-way split among the nine members: five supported the cut to 4.25%, two voted for a deeper cut to 4%, and the remaining two opposed any cut, favoring keeping the rate at 4.5%. Announcing the rate cut, Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey stated, “The past few weeks have shown just how unpredictable the global economy can be. Our top priority is to reduce inflation gradually and steadily.” Analysts note that while higher tariffs may dampen global and UK economic growth and contribute modestly to lowering inflation, the effects are expected to be limited. Growth is projected to decline by just 0.3%, and inflation by 0.2%. The Bank of England has not forecast a recession as a result of ongoing trade tensions. The central bank raised its 2025 UK economic growth forecast from 0.75% to 1%, attributing the revision mainly to stronger-than-expected growth in the first quarter. However, it noted that underlying growth remains weak, with the economy expanding by just 0.1% per quarter. Meanwhile, UK house prices rose in April for the first time this year, supported by easing mortgage costs and steady demand. According to data from lender Halifax, house prices increased by 0.3% last month, reversing a 0.5% drop in March. It marked the first monthly increase since January. The average UK property value now stands at £297,781, up from £296,899 the previous month. Read More... This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Since the Labour Party took office, its fiscal policy has been full throttle: sweeping tax hikes, cuts to benefits, public sector job losses, and spending reductions — all to fill what is claimed to be a £22 billion deficit left by the former Conservative government and to free up funds for strategic priorities such as education, clean energy, and healthcare. In her March Spring Budget, Chancellor Rachel Reeves made it clear that the government would focus on cracking down on tax evasion and avoidance, projecting £7.5 billion in additional revenue. This crackdown has now extended to company registration across the UK. Over 100 Companies Fined — Penalties in the Tens of Thousands The government has taken swift enforcement action. After granting new enforcement powers to Companies House, the government agency overseeing company registration, a total of 234 fines have been issued to companies found submitting false information — with total penalties reaching £58,500. Offences include submitting false director details, faking persons of significant control, and using bogus addresses. There have even been cases of companies registered under names like ‘Darth Vader’ and ‘Santa Claus’. Companies House Steps Up Enforcement — Full Recovery Efforts in 2025 All companies operating in the UK must be registered with Companies House. Once registered, they are required to submit an annual Confirmation Statement and Annual Accounts, which help the public, investors, and government assess a company’s financial health and operations. Failure to file these documents on time can result in penalties, including fines and compulsory company dissolution. With its expanded powers, Companies House is now authorised to issue fines for submitting false information or abusing the registration system. Despite having issued 234 fines, enforcement has so far recovered only £1,250, around 2% of the total. The government also plans to introduce more frequent spot checks, increasing the likelihood of non-compliant companies being investigated.   Whistleblower Reward Scheme to launch Alongside the crackdown by Companies House, HMRC will introduce a new Whistleblower Reward Scheme later this year. This aims to tackle serious tax evasion and avoidance involving large companies, individuals, and offshore entities — effectively plugging gaps in the regulatory net. The government says the scheme will be modelled on successful programmes in the US and Canada, offering rewards linked to the amount of tax recovered through whistleblower reports. The number of reports is expected to rise from 500 to 600 per year. Some advice from TB Accountants - about company registration As the UK intensifies efforts to combat shell companies, fraud, and tax evasion, businesses must take proactive steps to ensure compliance and avoid penalties. Here are some practical tips:   1. Submit Accurate Company Information Avoid using generic templates or random names for directors. Your registered address must be valid and in use, or you should engage a licensed UK registered office service.   2. Ensure Director and PSC Information Is Genuine Complete identity verification before company formation. Keep information on directors and persons of significant control up to date to avoid penalties for outdated records.   3. File Confirmation Statements and Accounts on Time Incorporate filing deadlines into your compliance processes. Consider appointing a professional accountant or company formation agent to handle submissions.   4. Establish Internal Compliance Systems Especially important for medium and large companies: designate staff responsible for company filings and compliance. Conduct regular compliance audits to manage risk.   5. Stay in Touch with Professionals Regularly consult with accountants and legal advisors, especially regarding shareholder structures and director changes. For complex international structures, seek advice from tax consultants to determine whether specific compliance obligations are triggered. Registration is not just a formality — compliance is your company’s safeguard. If you have questions about confirmation statements, annual accounts, corporation tax, VAT filings, or any other UK company or personal tax matters — or if you require a help with a compliance check or audit, contact our team. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

As we move further into the digital age, many industries are gradually abandoning paper-heavy administrative processes in favour of streamlined, digital solutions. HMRC first introduced the concept of Making Tax Digital (MTD) in 2015, with the aim of phasing out paper-based tax returns and shifting to digital submissions via approved software — ushering in a system of real-time tax.   What Is Making Tax Digital (MTD)? Making Tax Digital (MTD) is a major tax modernisation initiative by the UK government, designed to: Digitise and automate the tax filing process; Minimise human error in tax reporting; Improve overall system efficiency; Encourage small businesses and the self-employed to embrace digital solutions. The MTD rules apply to sole traders, landlords, companies, and businesses registered for VAT. The registration threshold is based on gross income or turnover, not net profit. MTD to be made mandatory for millions In her Spring Budget, Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced key adjustments to the MTD rollout. HMRC has since confirmed three major tax regulation changes that will impact millions of UK taxpayers — the first of which takes effect in April next year: From 6 April 2026: Businesses, landlords and self-employed individuals with income over £50,000 must register for MTD. From 6 April 2027: Landlords and self-employed individuals with income over £30,000 must register. From 6 April 2028: Landlords and self-employed individuals with income over £20,000 must register. Those who meet the criteria must: Keep digital records; Submit quarterly updates; Use MTD-compatible software to send Income Tax Self Assessment (ITSA) data to HMRC.   Will you need to use digital ITSA submissions? From 6 April 2026, digital income tax filing will be rolled out in phases. You can choose to register voluntarily now to prepare ahead of time. For the 2025/26 tax year, you should consider: Whether you need to file a Self Assessment return; Which income sources you’ll need to declare; How much you expect to earn from self-employment or rental income. Currently, MTD only applies to income for the 2024/25 and 2025/26 tax years and does not include foreign income. If you earn money overseas, you should consult a tax advisor regarding digital filing requirements. How to register for MTD — and what you’ll need Before registering, make sure you have: A Government Gateway ID (you can create one during the registration process); Your National Insurance number; Business details (e.g. name, start date) or, for landlords, rental income documentation (e.g. rent statements); The name of your MTD-compatible software (e.g. QuickBooks, Xero, FreeAgent). Taxpayers must use HMRC-approved software to: Automatically record transactions; Categorise income and expenses; Submit quarterly reports and final declarations; Provide tax forecasts and reminders. Popular software options include Xero, QuickBooks, FreeAgent, Sage, and 123 Sheets. Once your information is submitted, HMRC will confirm registration success by email or SMS within 5–7 working days. If you're not confident using digital systems or have multiple income streams, you can also ask an accountant or tax adviser to register on your behalf.   Once registered, you must: Sign up for MTD for ITSA; Use approved software to record and submit income/expenses; Submit quarterly updates (instead of annually); File a Final Declaration at the end of the tax year to confirm all income and reliefs; No longer use traditional paper or Gov.uk SA tax return forms. Do businesses need to register for MTD? In addition to the upcoming MTD for Income Tax rollout (for landlords and self-employed earning over £30,000 from 2026), all VAT-registered businesses in the UK have been required to use Making Tax Digital for VAT since April 2022. HMRC automatically registers all new VAT-registered businesses for MTD for VAT unless they are exempt or have applied for an exemption. Therefore, if you're newly VAT-registered, there's no need to register separately — just use compatible software to maintain digital records and file your VAT returns.   Some advice from TB Accountants Businesses registered for MTD for VAT must keep digital accounting records and use compatible software to submit VAT returns. If you’re unsure about any aspect of digital filing, or if you’d like assistance registering through an accountant or tax agent, contact our team for professional support. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

If you have a full-time job but enjoy making some extra money through second-hand selling platforms, you need to be aware of changes to income tax rules!   Side Hustle Income Below £3,000? No Need to Declare to HMRC James Murray, the UK’s Tax Minister, has announced that individuals making money through platforms like Vinted and eBay, or earning income via TikTok, will no longer need to submit a Self-Assessment Tax Return to HMRC if their side hustle income is below £ 3,000. However, tax will still be payable on income exceeding £1,000. This change is expected to take effect before the next general election in 2029. It will apply to those selling second-hand clothing on platforms such as Vinted and eBay, selling handmade gifts on Etsy, offering services such as dog walking, gardening, taxi driving, food delivery, or creating online content. The Treasury estimates that this increased reporting threshold will benefit around 300,000 taxpayers, with 90,000 of them no longer needing to pay tax or report their income to HMRC. According to the Treasury, 98% of those affected are small-scale self-employed individuals, while 2% of the income in question comes from property. Reporting Side Hustle Income to HMRC Under new regulations, all digital platforms must submit 2024 sales data and some personal information to HMRC by the end of January 2025. If you sold at least 30 items or earned approximately £1,700 (around €2,000) via platforms like eBay or Vinted in 2024, or provided paid services via Airbnb and similar platforms, your platform provider will notify you that your information has been shared with HMRC. It is important to note that the sharing of sales data does not automatically mean you need to file a tax return. However, you may need to register for Self-Assessment and pay tax if: You purchase goods to resell or make products with the intention of making a profit. You provide services via digital platforms, such as food delivery or renting out holiday properties. Your total online sales or service income exceeds £1,000 in any tax year before deducting expenses. Selling personal items (such as clearing out old clothes) is usually not taxable or reportable, as it is not considered a business activity.   UK Personal Allowance and Tax-Free Thresholds For the 2024/25 and 2025/26 tax years, everyone in the UK has a £12,570 personal allowance for each year, which applies to all income (including employment and side hustle income). If your total income (main job + side hustle) is below £12,570, you do not need to pay income tax. If your total income exceeds this amount, you will only pay tax on the excess. Additional tax-free allowances: Dividend Allowance: £1,000 (for income from shares) Personal Savings Allowance: £1,000 for basic rate taxpayers, £500 for higher rate taxpayers Property Allowance: £1,000 tax-free if renting via platforms like Airbnb If your side hustle income exceeds £6,725, you may also need to pay National Insurance (NI), depending on your tax situation for Self Assessment and submit a Self Assessment Tax Return annually. Filing Your Taxes with HMRC If you meet the reporting criteria, you need to declare your income to HMRC. The steps are: Register for Self-Assessment Register on the HMRC website. Registration deadline: 5 October each year (for the previous tax year’s income). You will receive a Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) for tax reporting. Report Income Submit your Self-Assessment Tax Return by 31 January each year (for the previous financial year). Paper returns must be submitted by 31 October. Calculate your taxable income (total side hustle income minus allowable business expenses). Pay any tax due by 31 January. Should You Register as Self-Employed or Start a Company? Many side hustlers wonder whether to operate as a Sole Trader or set up a Limited Company. Each option has pros and cons: Sole Trader A Sole Trader is the UK’s most common form of self-employment, similar to being a sole proprietor. It is easy and inexpensive to set up, and you retain full control over the business. Your financial information remains private, and you do not need to file annual accounts. However, you are personally liable for all business debts, which means your personal assets are at risk. Additionally, once your profits exceed a certain level, your tax rate could be higher than that of a limited company. For example, if your profits exceed £50,270, you will be taxed at 40%-45%, compared to the 25% corporation tax for a limited company. Limited Company A Limited Company (LTD) is a separate legal entity, meaning your personal assets are protected. Corporation tax is fixed and could be lower than the income tax rate for high-earning sole traders. However, running a limited company involves more administration and compliance, including annual financial statements, company filings, and VAT reporting (if applicable). If your side hustle is small with no plans for expansion, operating as a Sole Trader is simpler and easier for tax purposes. However, if your business is growing or you plan to hire employees, registering a limited company may provide better tax benefits and financial protection. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

New tax rises warning as borrowing jumps in UK hit by tariff wars Economists warn that, against the backdrop of a surge in borrowing triggered by U.S. President Trump’s new tariffs, U.K. Chancellor Rachel Reeves may be forced to further raise taxes in the autumn budget later this year. Official data shows that the British government’s borrowing exceeded expectations in the last fiscal year. As of the end of March this year, public sector net borrowing rose to £151.9 billion. This figure is £14.6 billion higher than the £137.3 billion previously forecast by the Office for Budget Responsibility, equating to £95,300 of debt per household. Meanwhile, the total annual borrowing was also £20.7 billion higher than during the same period the previous year. Just a day before the release of this data, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) sharply downgraded its forecast for U.K. economic growth this year by 0.5 percentage points to 1.1%, while raising its inflation forecast by 0.7 percentage points to 3.1%. A series of gloomy economic forecasts has further increased the public finance pressures facing Chancellor Reeves. She previously stated she would "defend Britain's interests" and is preparing to travel to Washington to meet with other finance ministers to push for a trade agreement with the United States. Speaking at the Semafor World Economy Summit in Washington, Reeves said: “The message we've received is that the U.S. is very keen to reach an agreement with the U.K. ... The cooperation we are aiming for is not limited to a tariff agreement, but also includes establishing technology partnerships and further deepening our already close ties in security and defense.” Elliott Jordan-Doak, U.K. Senior Economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, said: "Looking ahead to the next fiscal year and the upcoming autumn budget in October, the breakdown of global trade patterns and geopolitical uncertainty will further intensify the pressure on the Chancellor." He said: “We had already anticipated that the government would need to raise defense spending above the recently pledged 2.5% of GDP, reaching at least 3.0% of GDP by 2027. To ease fiscal pressures, this will likely require a combination of borrowing and tax increases.” Read more... Retail sales see biggest rise for nearly four years According to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), U.K. retail sales volume grew by 1.6% in the first quarter of this year compared to the previous quarter, marking the largest quarterly increase since July 2021. Retail sales in March rose by 0.4% month-on-month, far exceeding market expectations of a 0.4% decline. Sunny weather boosted sales at garden centers, and demand for clothing and home improvement goods also increased. However, the ONS noted that food sales fell, with supermarkets in particular performing poorly. Analysts also warned that sales might weaken in the coming months. Danni Hewson, head of financial analysis at AJ Bell, said: "March brought some relief for many households, as inflation continued to fall and wage growth was not yet being swallowed up by rising bills. It was also an encouraging signal for retailers. However, most businesses are having to brace for a possible turning point ahead." Another survey showed that consumer confidence slipped in April. Market research firm GfK reported that its Consumer Confidence Index fell to its lowest level since November 2023, as people faced rising bills and became more pessimistic about the economic outlook. At the same time, a corporate health assessment released by leading consultancy Begbies Traynor showed that the number of companies in “critical” financial distress surged by 13%. Just hours after that report was published, official data revealed that corporate insolvencies in England and Wales rose by 9% year-on-year in March. This series of data aligns with other recent signs that the U.K. economy is slowing, and that businesses and households are under mounting pressure from rising bills. Tensions have also been further aggravated by U.S. trade protectionist policies, with challenges continuing to intensify since the beginning of this month. However, the gloomy outlook has led a growing number of economists and financial market participants to believe that the Bank of England will have more room to accelerate interest rate cuts starting next month, despite the risk of a new wave of inflationary pressure in the future. Read More... Energy price cap set to fall in July, according to forecast According to the latest forecast from energy consultancy Cornwall Insight, U.K. household energy bills are expected to fall in July, due to a global slump in natural gas prices triggered by U.S. President Trump's trade tariffs. The company said it expects the U.K. energy regulator Ofgem to announce a 9% reduction in the typical household energy bill, amounting to a decrease of £166, bringing the average bill down to £1,683. Craig Lowrey, principal consultant at Cornwall Insight, noted that recent warm weather has also led to a drop in short-term energy demand, further pushing market prices downward. However, he also cautioned that the evolving and unpredictable nature of U.S. policies could alter the situation again before July, meaning there is still uncertainty around the current forecast for price cuts. “While a drop in bills is always good news for households, we mustn't be overly optimistic,” he said. “We've all witnessed rapid market surges as well as rollercoaster-like downturns, and the market’s quick decline this time highlights its extreme vulnerability to geopolitical and market fluctuations.” Ofgem adjusts the household energy price cap every three months, mainly based on wholesale market costs. The price cap for the period from July to September will be officially announced on May 27. The energy price cap system was introduced by the government in January 2019 to set a maximum price per kilowatt-hour (kWh) that energy suppliers can charge consumers in England, Scotland, and Wales. However, the cap does not limit a household’s total bill, as final costs still depend on actual energy usage. Despite recent reductions in the price cap, household energy bills remain significantly higher than historical levels. For instance, in April 2021, the energy price cap stood at just £1,138 — almost one-third lower than the latest forecast of £1,683. Read More... This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

Sir Keir Starmer paid £54,718 in income tax According to a document released by the government, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer paid £54,718 in income tax during the 2023/24 financial year. The summary shows that for the tax year ending on 5 April 2024, Starmer paid income tax on earnings of £152,225. Most of this income came from his role as a Member of Parliament, with additional earnings from book royalties and £5,174 in interest from savings accounts. Chancellor Rachel Reeves and Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner also published their personal tax summaries for the same financial year: ● Rachel Reeves had a total annual income of £91,758 and paid £24,215 in income tax. Her self-employment income totalled £12,372, primarily from book royalties and audiobook fees. ● Angela Rayner reported a total income of £85,205 and paid £21,514 in income tax. All of her income and taxable benefits came from her work as an MP. Although the figures may appear substantial, Starmer’s income tax bill for 2023/24 was lower than in the previous year. In 2022/23, he paid £52,688 in Capital Gains Tax after selling a piece of land partially inherited from his father. His total tax paid that year was only about one-fifth of the amount paid by then-Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. This latest tax summary outlines Starmer’s taxable UK income, capital gains, and tax liabilities for the previous financial year. It was prepared by his chartered accountancy firm and submitted to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). David Cameron became the first British Prime Minister to publish a tax summary in 2016. Theresa May also released her tax information during her Conservative leadership campaign but did not do so while serving as Prime Minister. Rishi Sunak and Chancellor Jeremy Hunt have both disclosed their personal tax data while in office. However, Sunak’s two immediate predecessors, Boris Johnson and Liz Truss (whose tenure lasted less than two months), did not make their tax records public. Read more... Inflation continues to fall, more interest rate cuts are expected this year According to data released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate fell to 2.6% in March, marking the second consecutive month of decline and a drop that exceeded expectations. This represents the slowest pace of price increases since December last year, bringing inflation closer to the Bank of England’s 2% target. The decline was largely driven by falling oil prices, reduced fuel costs, and a steady rate of food price increases. However, analysts caution that the drop may be temporary, as a series of tax hikes introduced in early April are expected to raise household bills. Meanwhile, core inflation—which excludes volatile items such as fuel and food—fell to 3.4%. This is seen as encouraging news for the Bank of England, which is currently weighing interest rate cuts. The Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee is scheduled to meet next month and is widely expected to reduce the base rate to 4.25% to ease borrowing costs. Based on current economic indicators, analysts generally anticipate four interest rate cuts this year, with the base rate projected to reach 3.5% by December 2025. Lowering the base rate reduces interbank lending costs, prompting commercial banks to offer lower loan rates. This makes borrowing cheaper for both businesses and individuals, thereby stimulating economic activity, encouraging business investment, and boosting consumer spending. At the same time, the United States and EU countries have also been working to curb rising prices. The Eurozone’s inflation rate stood at 2.2% in the same period, down from 2.3% in February. Since the European Central Bank (ECB) cut its base rate for the first time in five years in June 2024, it has reduced rates five times to the current 2.5%. In the US, the inflation rate has fallen to 2.4%. At its March meeting, the Federal Reserve held its benchmark interest rate steady in the 4.25% to 4.5% range but revised down its economic growth forecast. Read More... Number of payrolled workers in UK fell by 78,000 ahead of budget tax rise According to revised data released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the number of people on UK payrolls (via the Pay As You Earn, PAYE system) fell by 8,000 in February, followed by a significant drop of 78,000 in March—marking the fastest decline since the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This sharp contraction reflects growing global uncertainty and suggests that many businesses sought to reduce costs through layoffs ahead of tax increases introduced in April. Business leaders had previously warned that the tax hikes announced by Chancellor Rachel Reeves in last autumn’s Budget would force companies to cut jobs and hold back on larger wage increases. Multiple surveys conducted earlier this year indicated that UK businesses were reducing headcounts at the fastest rate since the 2008 financial crisis (excluding anomalies during the pandemic). Earlier this month, the rise in employer National Insurance contributions began impacting nearly one million businesses. In addition, the increase in the minimum wage has added further cost pressure, particularly on sectors such as hospitality, leisure, and retail. Suren Thiru, Economics Director at the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), commented: "These figures suggest the labour market was already weakening ahead of the sharp tax and cost increases this month. Faced with a double hit of rising uncertainty and increasing expenses, employers have scaled back hiring plans. The UK job market is entering a turbulent phase, and despite persistent skills shortages, the combined impact of global uncertainty and mounting cost pressures—particularly from higher National Insurance—could lead to a moderate rise in unemployment." In the three months to March, the number of job vacancies fell by 26,000 to 781,000—dropping below pre-pandemic levels for the first time since 2021. Meanwhile, the UK’s official unemployment rate remained unchanged at 4.4% in the three months to February. Read More... This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

With the new financial year, a series of tax increases announced in last autumn’s budget came into effect. These changes impact not only income tax, corporation tax, and capital gains tax but also pension reforms, national insurance adjustments, and taxation on high earners and new UK residents’ global income. Which Tax Increases Are Being Implemented? With these tax changes, how should individuals and businesses plan their finances to adapt to this more challenging tax environment?g and you carry out repairs that meet conservation standards, you may be entitled to relief. Stamp Duty Land Tax From 1 April 2025, the tax-free threshold for standard residential property transactions was halved from £250,000 to £125,000, meaning more property transactions will be subject to tax. Additionally, from 1 April, changes to first-time buyer relief include: The tax-free threshold will be reduced from £425,000 to £300,000. The maximum property price eligible for the 5% stamp duty rate will decrease from £625,000 to £500,000. Buyers of properties exceeding £500,000 will no longer be eligible for any first-time buyer relief and must pay the standard stamp duty rates. These changes mean higher tax burdens for buyers, particularly first-time buyers and those purchasing mid-priced properties.   Income Tax As previously announced, income tax thresholds and personal allowances will remain frozen until 6 April 2028: The personal allowance remains at £12,570. The 20% basic rate applies to income from £12,571 to £50,270. The 40% higher rate applies to income from £50,271 to £125,140. The 45% additional rate applies to income above £125,140.   Inheritance Tax The inheritance tax nil-rate band of £325,000 will also remain frozen until 6 April 2028. Given inflation and wage growth, more taxpayers will gradually move into higher tax bands, increasing their tax burden. Employer National Insurance Contributions (NICs) From 6 April 2025, employer NICs rose from 13.8% to 15%. The threshold for employer NICs will also be lowered from £9,100 to £5,000.   Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Since 30 October 2024, the CGT rate for individuals and trustees disposing of assets has increased from 20% to 24%. From 6 April 2025, the CGT rate for Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) will be 14% (from 10%) From 6 April 2026: 18%   Council Tax From 1 April, millions of households saw an increase in their council tax bills. Most English councils will raise council tax by 4.99% without triggering a referendum. However, six areas will introduce larger increases in 2025/26: Bradford: +10% Newham, Windsor & Maidenhead: +9% Birmingham, Somerset, Trafford: +7.5% Exemptions and discounts: Students do not pay council tax. Single-person households receive a 25% discount. Households with a disabled person may qualify for a discount. In Scotland, council tax in 13 regions will rise by at least 10%, while in Wales, increases will range between 5% and 9.2%. Northern Ireland collects domestic rates instead of council tax.   Abolition of the Non-Domicile Tax Regime From 6 April 2025, the non-domicile tax regime was abolished and a new residence-based system for foreign income and gains (FIG) was introduced: Individuals who were non-UK tax residents for 10 consecutive years but become UK tax residents will receive a four-year 100% tax exemption on foreign income and gains. After four years, global income and capital gains will be taxed in the UK. For existing non-domiciled individuals: Temporary Repatriation Facility: Between 2025/26 and 2026/27, they can remit overseas income at a reduced 12% tax rate. From 2027/28, normal tax rates will apply. CGT Rebase: Individuals who held foreign assets before 5 April 2017 can use their value on that date as the tax base. Inheritance Tax: Long-term residents (10 out of the past 20 tax years in the UK) will be subject to UK inheritance tax on foreign assets for 3-10 years after leaving the UK.educt mortgage interest from rental income but can instead claim a 20% tax credit. National Living Wage (NLW) From 1 April: The minimum wage for 16-17-year-olds increased by 18% to £7.55 per hour. The rate for 18-20-year-olds rose by 16% to £10 per hour. The minimum wage for 21+ employees increased by 6.7% to £12.21 per hour.   Overseas Workday Relief From 6 April 2025, HMRC introduced an expedited process ensuring that PAYE deductions apply only to UK-based earnings, not overseas income, for internationally mobile employees. Compliance checks will still be required.   Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) From April 2025: Tighter CO2 bands: Vehicles emitting over 130g/km CO2 will face higher first-year rates. EV exemption ends : Electric vehicles will be subject to an annual £165 standard rate. Luxury surcharge : Vehicles over £40,000, including EVs, will incur an extra £355 charge annually for five years. Stronger enforcement : Unpaid VED will incur a 10% penalty and stricter ANPR camera enforcement.   Household Bills From 1 April: Water bills: Up 26% (£123 annually). Energy prices: Average household energy bills will rise to £1,849 per year, adding £9.25 per month. TV licence: Increasing by £5 to £174.50. The View from TB Accountants The upcoming tax and cost increases in April will significantly impact UK households and businesses. Domestic policy changes and global trade tensions add further uncertainty to the UK economy. In its latest statement, the Office for Budget Responsibility revised down the UK’s 2025 GDP growth forecast from 2% to 1%. Inflation is expected to average 3.2% in 2024, peaking at 3.8% in July. The Bank of England will announce its latest interest rate decision in May, impacting homebuyers and savers alike.  Understanding tax changes and making adjustments will help individuals and businesses maintain financial stability. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .

On the 26th March 2025, the Chancellor Rachel Reeves delivered the highly anticipated Spring Budget statement. It is important to note that this statement is not a formal Budget—Labour has pledged to release only one Budget per year. The Spring Budget statement serves as an update and supplement to the current economic situation and any progress made since the Autumn Budget in October 2024. Earlier, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) indicated that by the 2029-30 financial year, Labour's £9.9 billion fiscal buffer, which underpins its budgetary rules, would be depleted. As a result, compared to the Autumn Budget, Reeves faces tougher choices in this Spring Budget. Taxes No tax increase in spring budget After what has been described as the ‘biggest tax-hiking Budget in history’, the Chancellor has not announced further tax increases in the Spring Budget. However, she emphasised plans to take strong measures against tax evasion. Although specific details have not yet been disclosed, the government aims to recover an additional £1 billion by targeting 20% of potential tax evaders through a series of measures, including a newly proposed reward scheme. While no new tax adjustments were announced in the Spring Budget, it is important to remember that changes to water bills, energy bills, council tax, employer National Insurance contributions, Capital Gains Tax (CGT), and the National Minimum Wage will take effect from April, marking the start of the new financial year. Economy Growth forecast downgraded The OBR has revised the UK's 2025 growth forecast downwards from 2% to 1%. Meanwhile, the government’s budget deficit projections have shifted: 2025-26: £36.1 billion deficit 2026-27: £13.4 billion deficit 2027-28: £6 billion surplus 2028-29: £7.1 billion surplus 2029-30: £9.9 billion surplus Regarding living standards, household disposable income per capita is expected to grow by an average of 0.5% per year (approximately £500) from 2025-26 to 2029-30. This is largely due to strong wage growth and inflation easing in the later years of the forecast period. Welfare Universal Credit Cuts One of the most significant welfare changes is the 50% cut to the Health Element of Universal Credit, which provides additional financial support for individuals with health conditions or disabilities that limit their ability to work. Currently, eligibility for this support is determined through the Work Capability Assessment (WCA). For new applicants, the benefit will be frozen at £97 per week until 2029-30, rather than increasing with inflation. Additionally, due to tighter eligibility criteria, 800,000 people will lose access to the Daily Living Component of Personal Independence Payment (PIP). While the new welfare savings plan is expected to save £4.8 billion, over 3 million households will lose an average of £1,720 per year. By 2030, 250,000 people (including 50,000 children) are expected to fall into poverty due to these welfare cuts. Housing Housebuilding at record levels The government has reaffirmed its commitment to increasing housebuilding, with projections indicating that by 2030, new home construction will reach its highest level in 40 years. Planning reforms are expected to increase housing supply by 170,000 over the next five years, bringing the total to 305,000 new homes per year. By the end of this Parliament, this would increase the UK's housing stock by around 1.3 million homes, a 16% rise. Additionally, in the new tax year, the government will allocate £1 billion to accelerate the removal of dangerous cladding and reduce Right to Buy discounts. Local councils will also be allowed to retain all revenue from the sale of social housing to reinvest in new housing supply. Departmental Cuts Voluntary Civil Service Redundancies The Chancellor aims to make the government ‘leaner and more flexible’ by introducing a voluntary redundancy scheme for civil servants, with the goal of saving £3.5 billion by 2029-30. Further details on departmental spending cuts will be revealed in the June Spending Review. Defence Increased funding for defence The Chancellor confirmed that UK defence spending will rise to 2.5% of GDP by 2027. In 2026, an additional £2.2 billion will be allocated to the Ministry of Defence to fund: New high-tech weaponry Upgrades to Portsmouth Naval Base Renovation of military housing These investments are aimed at strengthening the UK’s defence industry and establishing the country as a global defence powerhouse. Market Reaction to the Spring Budget Statement The financial markets’ reaction to fiscal policies is crucial. The good news for the Chancellor is that gilt yields (the premium investors demand for holding UK government debt) slightly decreased following the Spring Budget speech. 30-year UK government bond yield: Fell by nearly 0.1 percentage points to 5.283% 10-year and 2-year bond yields: Also saw slight declines According to the OBR, inflation is expected to average 3.2% this year before steadily declining to 2% in 2026-27, aligning with the Bank of England’s target. This article is intended as general guidance only, and does not replace any legal or professional advice.  For enquiries, please contact  TBA Group  via  email  or  WhatsApp .